Why does the prostate get bigger with age?

The cause of prostate enlargement is unknown, but it's believed to be linked to hormonal changes as a man gets older. The balance of hormones in your body changes as you get older and this may cause your prostate gland to grow.

nhs.uk - Benign prostate enlargement - NHS

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Benign prostate enlargement (BPE) is the medical term to describe an enlarged prostate, a condition that can affect how you pee (urinate). BPE is common in men aged over 50. It's not a cancer and it's not usually a serious threat to health. Many men worry that having an enlarged prostate means they have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. This is not the case. The risk of prostate cancer is no greater for men with an enlarged prostate than it is for men without an enlarged prostate. Symptoms of benign prostate enlargement The prostate is a small gland, located in the pelvis, between the penis and bladder. If the prostate becomes enlarged, it can place pressure on the bladder and the urethra, which is the tube that urine passes through. This can affect how you pee and may cause: difficulty starting to pee

a frequent need to pee

difficulty fully emptying your bladder Credit: Alila Medical Images / Alamy Stock Photo https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-51363636.html?pv=1&stamp=2&imageid=9A5F67B1-8902-4AA1-BB74-DAEF427C2E74&p=178046&n=102&orientation=0&pn=1&searchtype=11&IsFromSearch=1&srch=foo%3Dbar%26st%3D11%26sortby%3D2%26qt%3DCYFPRG%26qt_raw%3DCYFPRG%26qn%3D%26lic%3D3%26edrf%3D0%26mr%3D0%26pr%3D0%26aoa%3D1%26creative%3D%26videos%3D%26nu%3D%26ccc%3D%26bespoke%3D%26apalib%3D%26ag%3D0%26hc%3D0%26et%3D0x000000000000000000000%26vp%3D0%26loc%3D0%26ot%3D0%26imgt%3D0%26dtfr%3D%26dtto%3D%26size%3D0xFF%26blackwhite%3D%26cutout%3D%26archive%3D1%26name%3DAlila%2520Medical%2520Images%26groupid%3D%26pseudoid%3D%7BA883FDE5-7F3D-4472-81F5-B61111916852%7D%26userid%3D%26id%3D%26a%3D%26xstx%3D0%26cbstore%3D0%26resultview%3DsortbyPopular%26lightbox%3D%26gname%3D%26gtype%3D%26apalic%3D%26tbar%3D0%26pc%3D%26simid%3D%26cap%3D1%26customgeoip%3D%26vd%3D0%26cid%3D%26pe%3D%26so%3D%26lb%3D%26pl%3D0%26plno%3D%26fi%3D0%26langcode%3Den%26upl%3D0%26cufr%3D%26cuto%3D%26howler%3D%26cvrem%3D0%26cvtype%3D0%26cvloc%3D0%26cl%3D0%26upfr%3D%26upto%3D%26primcat%3D%26seccat%3D%26cvcategory%3D*%26restriction%3D%26random%3D%26ispremium%3D1%26flip%3D0%26contributorqt%3D%26plgalleryno%3D%26plpublic%3D0%26viewaspublic%3D0%26isplcurate%3D0%26imageurl%3D%26saveQry%3D%26editorial%3D1%26t%3D0%26edoptin%3D In some men, the symptoms are mild and do not need treatment. In others, they can be very troublesome. Causes of benign prostate enlargement The cause of prostate enlargement is unknown, but it's believed to be linked to hormonal changes as a man gets older. The balance of hormones in your body changes as you get older and this may cause your prostate gland to grow. Video: prostate enlargement This animation explains the possible causes of prostate enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Diagnosing benign prostate enlargement You might have several different tests to find out if you have an enlarged prostate. A GP may do some of these tests, such as a urine test, but others might need to be done at a hospital. Some tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that cause similar symptoms to BPE, such as prostate cancer. Find out more about diagnosing benign prostate enlargement Treating benign prostate enlargement Treatment for an enlarged prostate will depend on how severe your symptoms are. If you have mild symptoms, you do not usually need immediate treatment. Your doctor will agree with you if and when you need more check-ups. You'll probably be advised to make lifestyle changes, such as: drinking less alcohol, caffeine and fizzy drinks

limiting your intake of artificial sweeteners

exercising regularly

drinking less in the evening Medicine to reduce the size of the prostate and relax your bladder may be recommended to treat moderate to severe symptoms of an enlarged prostate. Surgery is usually only recommended for moderate to severe symptoms that have not responded to medicine. Complications of benign prostate enlargement Benign prostate enlargement can sometimes lead to complications, such as: a urinary tract infection (UTI) acute urinary retention Acute urinary retention (AUR) is the sudden inability to pass any urine. Symptoms of AUR include: suddenly not being able to pee at all

severe lower tummy pain

swelling of the bladder that you can feel with your hands Go immediately to your nearest A&E if you experience the symptoms of AUR.

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What does zinc do for joints?

Research Note: Studies show significantly lower zinc levels in people with rheumatoid arthritis compared to those without it. The lowest levels are associated with more severe disease. Researchers say zinc may help improve RA symptoms by supporting the immune system and cartilage.

arthritis.org - Vitamin and Mineral Guide for Arthritis

Calcium

What it does: Calcium is an essential mineral that maintains strong bones and teeth; regulates muscle contractions; transmits nerve impulses; and helps release essential hormones and enzymes. It also helps prevent osteoporosis (loss of bone density) and fractures, which are higher risks among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those taking corticosteroids. How much: Experts recommend 1,200 mg a day for healthy adults, but people with inflammatory arthritis may need more – up to 1,500 mg for men and postmenopausal women. Recent research has debunked the claim that calcium supplements raise heart attack risk.

Too much: Tolerable upper limit (UL) = 2,500 mg.

Too Little: Contributes to bone loss, tooth loss, muscle cramps and hypertension.

Foods: Low-fat milk, yogurt and cheese; leafy greens and vegetables such as kale, broccoli and spinach; canned sardines and salmon with bones; calcium-fortified cereals, soy products (including tofu), orange juice and nut milks. Interactions: Aluminum-containing antacids, antibiotics, anti-convulsants, bone drugs, corticosteroids, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, laxatives and multivitamins containing iron, magnesium and zinc. Research note: Dozens of studies have found that calcium supplements with or without vitamin D improve bone health in both men and women. Whether calcium plus vitamin D can prevent fractures has been more controversial, with competing studies on both sides. But a 2016 meta-analysis found that calcium and vitamin D supplements reduced fracture risk by 15% and hip fracture risk by 30%.

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