Which is the most serious personality type?

Since this study, the dark empath has earned a reputation as the most dangerous personality profile. But is this really the case? Dark personality traits include psychopathy, machiavellianism and narcissism, collectively called the "dark triad".

sciencealert.com - 'Dark Empaths' Could Hide Some of The Most Dangerous Personality ...

Who has the smallest nose?

East Asians are marked by their slim noses. They have the smallest noses in terms of surface area. However; east and south Asians have a larger...

Last updated Jul 6, 2018

What damages kidneys?

10 Common Habits That May Harm Your Kidneys Overusing Painkillers. ... Eating Processed Foods. ... Not Drinking Enough Water. ... Missing Out on...

Last updated Oct 29, 2022

Promotion

People with "dark personality traits", such as psychopathy or narcissism, are more likely to be callous, disagreeable and antagonistic in their nature. Such traits exists on a continuum – we all have more or less of them, and this does not necessarily equate to being clinically diagnosed with a personality disorder. Traditionally, people who are high in dark traits are considered to have empathy deficits, potentially making them more dangerous and aggressive than the rest of us. But we recently discovered something that challenges this idea. Our study, published in Personality and Individual Differences, identified a group of individuals with dark traits who report above average empathic capacities – we call them "dark empaths".

Since this study, the dark empath has earned a reputation as the most dangerous personality profile. But is this really the case?

Dark personality traits include psychopathy, machiavellianism and narcissism, collectively called the "dark triad". More recently, it has been suggested that sadism be added, culminating in a "dark tetrad". Psychopathy is characterized by a superficial charm and callousness. People high in such traits often show an erratic lifestyle and antisocial behavior.

width="700″ height="414″ style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen">

Machiavellianism derives from the writings of Niccolò Machiavelli, a Renaissance author, historian and philosopher. He described power games involving deception, treachery and crime. Thus, machiavellianism refers to an exploitative, cynical and manipulative nature. Narcissism is characterized by an exaggerated sense of entitlement, superiority and grandiose thinking, while sadism denotes a drive to inflict and enjoy pain in others. The dark traits, particularly psychopathy and machiavellianism, have been consistently associated with aggressive and anti-social behavior.

The empathy puzzle

Empathy can refer to the capacity to share feelings, namely "affective empathy" (if you are sad, I also feel sad). But it can also be the ability to understand other people's minds, dubbed "cognitive empathy" (I know what you think and why you are feeling sad). For example, the lack of (specifically affective) empathy is a well documented hallmark in clinical psychopathy used to explain their often persistent, instrumental violent behavior. Our own work supports the notion that one of the reasons people with dark traits hurt other people or have difficulties in relationships is an underpinning lack of empathy. Paradoxically, however, some researchers have previously reported average or even higher levels of some aspects of empathy in some people with dark traits. This makes sense in a way, as to manipulate others for your own gain – or indeed enjoy the pain of others – you must have at least some capacity to understand them. Thus, we questioned whether dark traits and empathy were indeed mutually exclusive phenomena.

What is the number one men's magazine?

GQ is the most influential men's magazine in the world, reaching out to the world in 21 editions. Dec 6, 2022

Last updated Oct 11, 2020

Can kidney patients eat fried chicken?

Large amounts of fried foods are not recommended as part of a healthy diet for anyone, whether a person has chronic kidney disease (CKD) or not.

Last updated Nov 30, 2018

Promotion

Dark empaths

We asked almost 1,000 people to complete assessments, based on questionnaires, on the dark triad and empathy. We then used a method called latent profile analysis that allows you to establish clusters of people with different profiles of certain trait combinations. As expected, we found a traditional dark triad group with low scores in empathy (about 13 percent of the sample). We also found a group with lower to average levels across all traits (about 34 percent were "typicals") and a group with low dark traits and high levels of empathy (about 33 percent were "empaths"). However, a fourth group of people, the "dark empaths", was clearly evident. They had higher scores on both dark traits and empathy (about 20 percent of our sample). Interestingly, this latter group scored higher on both cognitive and affective empathy than the "dark triad" and "typical" groups. We then characterized these groups based on measures of aggression, general personality, psychological vulnerability and wellbeing. The dark empaths were not as aggressive as the traditional dark triad group – suggesting the latter are likely more dangerous. Nevertheless, the dark empaths were more aggressive than typicals and empaths, at least on a measure of indirect aggression – that is, hurting or manipulating people through social exclusion, malicious humor and guilt-induction. Thus, although the presence of empathy was limiting their level of aggression, it was not eliminating it completely. In line with this notion, empaths were the most "agreeable" (a personality trait showing how nice or friendly you are), followed by typicals, then dark empaths, and last dark triads. Interestingly, dark empaths were more extraverted than the rest, a trait reflecting the tendency to be sociable, lively and active. Thus, the presence of empathy appears to encourage an enjoyment of being or interacting with people. But it may potentially also be motivated by a desire to dominate them. Moreover, dark empaths were a little higher in neuroticism, a type of negative thinking, but did not score higher on depression, anxiety or stress. Instead, their neuroticism may reflect sub-traits such as anger, hostility or self-doubt. Indeed, the dark empaths reported judging themselves more harshly than those with dark triad personalities. So it seems they may have a conscience, perhaps even disliking their dark side. Alternatively, their negative emotions may be a response to their self-loathing.

What are the 3 stages of metastasis?

Metastatic progression of solid tumors can be divided into five major steps: (1) invasion of the basement membrane and cell migration; (2)...

Last updated Oct 27, 2019

What animals see humans as food?

Although humans can be attacked by many kinds of non-human animals, man-eaters are those that have incorporated human flesh into their usual diet...

Last updated May 12, 2018

Promotion

Hidden dangers

Though the aggression reported by the dark empaths was not as high as the traditional dark triad group, the danger of this personality profile is that their empathy, and likely resulting social skills, make their darkness harder to spot. We believe that dark empaths have the capacity to be callous and ruthless, but are able to limit such aggression. It is worth noting, however, that those clinically diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder (often showing excessive levels of dark traits), most certainly lack empathy and are dangerous predators – and many of them are in prison. Our research is looking at people in the general population who have elevated levels of dark personality traits, rather than personality disorders. We are continuing our quest to find out more about the characteristics of the dark empaths in relation to other psychological outcomes. For example, we are interested in their risk taking, impulsivity or physically aggressive behavior. We also want to understand how they process emotions or facial expressions, or how they perceive and react to threats. We are currently replicating and extending some of our findings using the dark tetrad instead. Our results are yet to be published, but indicate there are two further profiles in addition to the four groups we've already identified. One is an "emotionally internalized group", with high levels of affective empathy and average cognitive empathy, without elevated dark traits. The other shows a pattern similar to autistic traits – particularly, low cognitive empathy and average affective empathy in the absence of elevated dark traits. We are hoping this research may be able to shift our understanding of empathy in the context of the dark traits. Nadja Heym, Senior Lecturer in Psychology, Nottingham Trent University and Alexander Sumich, Associate Professor of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

sciencealert.com - 'Dark Empaths' Could Hide Some of The Most Dangerous Personality ...

What mental health issues do men have?

These include irritability, sudden anger, increased loss of control, risk-taking and aggression. Men may also be more likely to use alcohol and...

Last updated Apr 5, 2018

Does zinc help in the bedroom?

This particular study concluded that in males, zinc has a positive effect on arousal and maintaining an erection. A 2013 study shows that sense of...

Last updated Jul 18, 2019

Promotion

Does zinc help build collagen?

Zinc. Zinc, a cofactor in the production of collagen, plays a vital role in collagen synthesis. This mineral is essential to cell repair and helps...

Last updated Mar 23, 2021

Promotion

Can humans have black eyes?

5–Black Eyes There's an eye disorder known as aniridia which makes the eye appear to have “no iris.” In truth, there is a small ring of iris tissue...

Last updated Sep 19, 2022