Where does most prostate cancer begin?

Where does prostate cancer start? Most prostate cancers start in the outer gland cells of the prostate and are known as acinar adenocarcinomas. Many of these cancers grow extremely slowly and are not likely to spread. But some can grow more quickly.

cancerresearchuk.org - What is prostate cancer? - Cancer Research UK

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Nigel: Prostate cancer is the number one cancer amongst men in the UK, so with that in mind I’ve come to Cambridge University Hospital to speak to Dr Vincent Gnanapragasam. So Vincent, where exactly is the prostate and what does it do?

Dr Gnanapragasam: Well the prostate is effectively a very large gland. And it sits between the bladder and the urethra – which is the pipework. The prostate produces fluid that washes semen and keeps the sperm healthy for successful fertilisation. That’s what the function of the prostate is.

Nigel: So what happens when cancer develops in the prostate? Where does it grow?

Dr Gnanapragasam: It usually begins within the edges of the prostate and can occur in more than one place. It starts to grow inside the prostate first of all and when it gets advanced it starts to grow through the lining or the edges.

Nigel: Now this is a cancer that affects men and not women. But does it affect all men equally?

Dr Gnanapragasam: Well there is an old saying that says the older you are the more likely you are to get prostate cancer. This is probably true to a certain extent. But there are other risk groups, which we have to think about. This includes ethnicity, so we know that black men, for example, are more likely to get it. Those with a first degree relative, so a father or a brother with prostate cancer. And also those who come from families where there might be an increased risk of breast cancer.

Nigel: Now the number of men being diagnosed with prostate cancer has risen hasn’t it? Why is this?

Dr Gnanapragasam: Well it’s probably not anything that’s new in terms of something that’s happened to men. Clearly, men are living longer and as I mentioned to you before the older you are the more likely you are to get prostate cancer. And that’s probably why we are detecting many more cancers. In addition, more men are seeking to know whether they’ve got prostate cancer and might go to their GP and ask for a test to be done. They may have urinary symptoms which are a very common thing for an older man to get. And as part of these assessments, some men will be found to have prostate cancer. There’s no doubt that these factors have contributed to the fact that more men are diagnosed with prostate cancer. The encouraging thing though is that deaths from prostate cancer are falling. Nigel: As prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer it is something we should all know much more about. For further information, visit the Cancer Research UK website or if you’re concerned about the symptoms or the treatments or living with prostate cancer, see the other videos in this series.

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What is life expectancy after prostate removal?

10-year relative survival rate of 98 percent: Ten years after diagnosis, the average prostate cancer patient is just 2 percent less likely to survive than a man without prostate cancer.

hopkinsmedicine.org - Prostate Cancer Prognosis | Johns Hopkins Medicine

In general, the earlier prostate cancer is caught, the more likely it is for a man to get successful treatment and remain disease-free. The overall prognosis for prostate cancer is among the best of all cancers. It’s important to keep in mind that survival rates and likelihood of recurrence are based on averages and won’t necessarily reflect any individual patient outcome. The prognosis for prostate cancer depends on many factors. Your doctor will offer insight and advice based on your specific disease.

High Cure Rates for Local and Regional Prostate Cancers

Approximately 80 percent to 85 percent of all prostate cancers are detected in the local or regional stages, which represent stages I, II and III. Many men diagnosed and treated at the local or regional stages will be disease-free after five years.

Stage IV Prostate Cancer Prognosis

Prostate cancers detected at the distant stage have an average five-year survival rate of 28 percent, which is much lower than local and regional cancers of the prostate. This average survival rate represents stage IV prostate cancers that have metastasized (spread) beyond nearby areas to lymph nodes, organs or bones in other parts of the body.

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