What triggers chronic prostatitis?

Chronic bacterial prostatitis is caused by bacteria getting to the prostate through the urethra. The urethra channels urine out of the body. A bacterial infection can also be caused by an infection originating in the bladder or a contaminated urinary catheter inserted into the bladder.

healthline.com - Chronic Prostatitis: Types, Symptoms, Treatment & More - Healthline

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Chronic prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate that lasts for at least 3 months. The prostate is a small gland located below the male bladder. It surrounds the urethra, produces a small amount of seminal fluid, and is important for the pH balance of semen. Prostatitis may be caused by a bacterial infection, but in many cases the cause of the condition is unknown. It can produce uncomfortable symptoms such as burning during urination, a frequent need to urinate, and pain in the lower back. When chronic prostatitis is caused by a bacterial infection, it can be treated with antibiotics. When the cause is unknown, treatment of the symptoms may be the best course of action. Even when the condition can’t be cured, men who receive treatment for chronic prostatitis are usually able to find relief from their symptoms. Types of chronic prostatitis There are two types of chronic prostatitis, which differ by the cause of the condition. Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis is caused by a bacterial infection. This type of prostatitis can affect men of any age, but is seen more often in younger and middle-aged men. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) produces similar symptoms to the bacterial form of the condition, but its causes are unknown. It was previously called chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. CP/CPPS is the more common type of chronic prostatitis. According to a 2016 study, CP/CPPS cases make up at least 90 percent of chronic prostatitis cases. Diagnosing chronic prostatitis To diagnose your condition, your doctor will begin with a survey of your symptoms. If your symptoms indicate a type of chronic prostatitis, a digital rectal examination (DRE) may be needed. Digital rectal exam (DRE) During this exam, the doctor inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate. This can help them determine if the prostate is tender or enlarged. A DRE may cause temporary pain or discomfort in men with prostatitis. MRI In some cases, a pelvic MRI may be used. An MRI can help your doctor: view your pelvic anatomy in great detail

rule out prostate cancer as the cause of your symptoms

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detect areas of prostate inflammation Other tests Once a diagnosis of chronic prostatitis is confirmed, your doctor will want to do further tests to determine the type and the cause, if possible. A test of your urine can help your doctor diagnose chronic bacterial prostatitis. The presence of bacteria is considered conclusive. However, if no bacteria are present in your urine, you still may have CP/CPPS. Your doctor may then wish to perform further tests to look for a cause, or they may refer you to a doctor who specializes in diseases of the urinary tract. Further tests may include: the examination of fluid excreted by the prostate

a blood test

cystoscopy, or the insertion of a small camera into the urethra for examination of the bladder, prostate, and urethra Treatment for chronic prostatitis Treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis will depend on the type of infection you’re diagnosed with. A long-term course of fluoroquinolones, a class of antibiotics, is usually the first treatment. You may be required to take antibiotics for 4 to 12 weeks. About 75 percent of chronic bacterial prostatitis cases clear up with antibiotic treatment. In most cases of CP/CPPS, the cause of the condition is unknown. This means that treatment typically involves using medications to reduce or eliminate symptoms. Muscle relaxers, pain relievers, and anti-anxiety medications are commonly prescribed for pain. Other common treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and alpha-blockers such as tamsulosin (Flomax). NSAIDs help reduce inflammation, and alpha-blockers help provide relief from certain urinary symptoms. In some cases, prostatic massage can help drain fluid that’s causing the inflammation. Hot baths and heat therapies such as a heating pad can also help relieve discomfort. Your doctor may recommend cutting certain spicy foods or acidic beverages from your diet, as they can make symptoms worse.

healthline.com - Chronic Prostatitis: Types, Symptoms, Treatment & More - Healthline

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