What is the best antibiotic for prostatitis?

Oral antimicrobial agents are the mainstay of treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), with the most effective medications being fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX).

emedicine.medscape.com - Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Medication - Medscape Reference

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Class Summary

Empiric antimicrobial therapy must be comprehensive and should cover all likely pathogens in the context of the clinical setting. Fluoroquinolones are frequently used because they are able to concentrate in the prostate and are lipid soluble. Sulfonamides are also used, because they are lipid soluble. Since 2008 the FDA has issued a Black Box warning regarding the long-term use of fluoroquinolones. There is a risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture that may cause long-term and possibly permanent damage. The occurence is about 1 in 100,000, about 4 times the normal risk. The risk is greatest for the Achilles tendons, but shoulder and hand tendon ruptures also have been reported. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with activity against pseudomonas, streptococci, MRSA, Streptococcus epidermidis, and most gram-negative organisms, but with no activity against anaerobes. It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis and, consequently, growth. Moxifloxacin is a quinolone that has antimicrobial activity based on its ability to inhibit bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase and topoisomerases, which are required for replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. Quinolones have broad activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic organisms. Differences in chemical structure between quinolones have resulted in altered levels of activity against different bacteria. Altered chemistry in quinolones results in toxicity differences. TMP/SMX inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It has good penetration into the prostate and activity against most relevant organisms. It has no acitivity against Pseudomonas. Ofloxacin penetrates the prostate well and is effective against Neisseria gonorrhea and C trachomatis. It is a derivative of pyridine carboxylic acid with broad-spectrum bactericidal effects. Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis and, thus, bacterial growth by binding to 30S and, possibly, 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. It has good activity against Chlamydia and Mycoplasma. It is contraindicated in renal and liver failure. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic for gram-negative coverage. It is used in combination with an agent against gram-positive organisms and one that covers anaerobes. It is not the drug of choice, but consider its use if other, less toxic drugs are contraindicated, when it is clinically indicated, and in mixed infections caused by susceptible staphylococci and gram-negative organisms. Levofloxacin is indicated for pseudomonal infections and for infections that are due to multidrug-resistant, gram-negative organisms.

Azithromycin

Good penetration into prostate. Covers Chlamydia and gram-positive bacteria but unreliable activity against gram-negative bacteria.

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What drugs reduce PSA levels?

theoncologypharmacist.com - Statins, Other Common Drugs Lower PSA Levels

Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), statins, or thiazide diuretics significantly lowers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men without a history of prostate cancer, new data indicate. Steven L. Chang, MD, and his associates at Stanford University School of Medicine evaluated the impact of 10 commonly used medications, used singly or in combination, on PSA test readings in men ≥40 years old without prostate cancer. A total of 1864 men who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the study, published online August 2 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. The researchers found that use of NSAIDS, statins, or thiazide diuretics was inversely associated with PSA levels. After 1 year, PSA levels were 1%, 3%, and 6% lower, respectively, in men who used these agents s than in men who did not. The differences were more pronounced with prolonged use. At 5 years, PSA levels were lower by 6%, 13%, and 26%, respectively, for users of NSAIDS, statins, or thiazide diuretics than for nonusers. The reduction in PSA levels was greatest in men who used statins and thiazide diuretics—36% after 5 years. Concurrent use of calcium channel blockers minimized or negated the PSA-lowering effect. The authors note that PSA screening is widely practiced in men >50 years of age, a population with a particularly high rate of medication use. If the lower PSA levels found in men taking commonly used medications results in a delayed diagnosis of prostate cancer, a “medication-adjusted” PSA threshold for prostate cancer screening may be needed, they say.

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What are the best foods for enlarged prostate?

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