What infection causes swollen testicle?

mayoclinic.org - Orchitis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

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Overview

Orchitis (or-KIE-tis) is an inflammation of one or both testicles. Bacterial or viral infections can cause orchitis, or the cause can be unknown. Orchitis is most often the result of a bacterial infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). In some cases, the mumps virus can cause orchitis. Bacterial orchitis might be associated with epididymitis — an inflammation of the coiled tube (epididymis) at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. In that case, it's called epididymo-orchitis. Orchitis causes pain and can affect fertility. Medication can treat the causes of bacterial orchitis and can ease some signs and symptoms of viral orchitis. But it can take several weeks for scrotal tenderness to disappear.

Symptoms

Orchitis signs and symptoms usually develop suddenly and can include:

Swelling in one or both testicles

Pain ranging from mild to severe

Fever

Nausea and vomiting

General feeling of unwellness (malaise)

The terms "testicle pain" and "groin pain" are sometimes used interchangeably. But groin pain occurs in the fold of skin between the thigh and abdomen — not in the testicle. The causes of groin pain are different from the causes of testicle pain.

When to see a doctor

If you have pain or swelling in your scrotum, especially if the pain occurs suddenly, see your doctor right away. A number of conditions can cause testicle pain, and some require immediate treatment. One such condition involves twisting of the spermatic cord (testicular torsion), which might cause pain similar to that caused by orchitis. Your doctor can perform tests to determine which condition is causing your pain. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. From Mayo Clinic to your inbox Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Email ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Subscribe! Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry

Causes

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Male reproductive system Open pop-up dialog box Close Male reproductive system Male reproductive system The male reproductive system makes, stores and moves sperm. Testicles produce sperm. Fluid from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland combine with sperm to make semen. The penis ejaculates semen during sexual intercourse. Orchitis can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Sometimes a cause of orchitis can't be determined.

Bacterial orchitis

Most often, bacterial orchitis is associated with or the result of epididymitis. Epididymitis usually is caused by an infection of the urethra or bladder that spreads to the epididymis. Often, the cause of the infection is an STI . Other causes of infection can be related to having been born with abnormalities in your urinary tract or having had a catheter or medical instruments inserted into your penis.

Viral orchitis

The mumps virus usually causes viral orchitis. Nearly one-third of males who contract the mumps after puberty develop orchitis, usually four to seven days after onset of the mumps.

Risk factors

Risk factors for nonsexually transmitted orchitis include:

Not being immunized against mumps

Having recurring urinary tract infections

Having surgery that involves the genitals or urinary tract

Being born with an abnormality in the urinary tract

Sexual behaviors that can lead to STIs put you at risk of sexually transmitted orchitis. Those behaviors include having:

Multiple sexual partners

Sex with a partner who has an STI

Sex without a condom

A personal history of an STI

Complications

Complications of orchitis may include:

Testicular atrophy. Orchitis can eventually cause the affected testicle to shrink.

Orchitis can eventually cause the affected testicle to shrink. Scrotal abscess. The infected tissue fills with pus. The infected tissue fills with pus. Infertility. Occasionally, orchitis can cause infertility or inadequate testosterone production (hypogonadism). But these are less likely if orchitis affects only one testicle.

Prevention

To prevent orchitis:

mayoclinic.org - Orchitis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

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