What happens when you have a prostate infection?

medicalnewstoday.com - Prostate infection: Causes, symptoms, and treatments - Medical News Today

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Bacteria can infect the prostate, and this may result in inflammation. The medical term for this is bacterial prostatitis. It can cause intense pain and changes in urination. The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped gland that forms part of the male reproductive system. It sits just under the bladder and produces a component in semen. The urethra, a tube connecting the bladder to the penis, passes through the prostate and carries urine. Prostatitis is a common prostate problem that can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain and difficulty urinating. While there are different causes and types of prostatitis, bacterial infections can often result in inflammation of the prostate. A note about sex and gender Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more. Read on to learn more about the types, causes, and symptoms of a prostate infection. Types of bacterial prostatitis Share on Pinterest AleksandarNakic/Getty Images When the cause is an infection, there are two main types of prostatitis: Acute bacterial prostatitis If a person has an acute, or short-term, prostate infection, symptoms are severe, and they develop suddenly. Prostatitis is the term for inflammation of the prostate. Acute prostatitis is uncommon, and the cause is always an infection. The infection requires immediate treatment as the condition can cause serious complications. Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic, or long-term, bacterial prostatitis causes symptoms that tend to come and go over several months. If an infection is responsible for the inflammation, the medical community calls this condition chronic bacterial prostatitis. If there is a different cause, the condition is called either chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and it affects 10–15% of males in the United States. What are the causes? Acute prostatitis results from a bacterial infection. Bacteria from urine may flow backward from the urethra and spread to the prostate gland. If antibiotics do not kill the bacteria, prostatitis may recur and become chronic. While other causes are less well understood, if a person does not have a bacterial infection, prostatitis may instead result from nerve damage in the lower urinary tract following surgery or trauma or due to the immune system’s response to a previous urinary tract infection (UTI). Risk factors Some people are more likely to get prostate infections. Risk factors can include : using a catheter

an abnormality in the urinary tract

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a current bladder infection or UTI

a history of prostatitis episodes

sustained injuries to the pelvis after undergoing procedures involving the urethra or prostate Symptoms The signs and symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on whether it is acute or chronic. Acute bacterial prostatitis Symptoms appear suddenly and are severe. They can include: urine with an unpleasant odor

blood in the urine or semen

body aches

burning pain while urinating

difficulty urinating

fever or chills

frequent urination

nausea

nocturia (urinating 2–3 times per night)

pain in the lower abdomen or lower back

vomiting Acute bacterial prostatitis requires prompt medical attention. Chronic bacterial prostatitis These symptoms may be mild to moderate and either develop gradually or come and go over several months. The medical community considers bacterial prostatitis to be chronic if symptoms are present for at least 3 months and include: an urgent need to pass urine

bladder pain

burning pain during urination

difficulty passing urine

frequent urination

pain in the lower abdomen, back, or groin

pain in the testes or penis

painful ejaculation

a UTI

Diagnosis To diagnose a prostate infection, a doctor may : take a medical history

inquire about symptoms

perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam

analyze a urine sample for signs of an infection The doctor may also order one or more of the following: blood tests to check for signs of an infection or another problem

semen analysis to look for signs of an infection

imaging tests to check for blockages or other issues in the urinary tract or prostate prostatic massage, which involves massaging the prostate and checking the discharge for abnormalities a biopsy, which involves taking some tissue from the prostate and examining it under a microscope These tests can confirm a diagnosis of prostatitis and rule out other conditions, such as prostate cancer. The results can also help to determine the best course of treatment. Treatment options Both medical and natural treatments can help people with prostatitis. Medication Medications for prostatitis include: antibiotics

alpha-blockers

anti-inflammatory medications To relieve pain and inflammation, some people take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen. These are available over the counter or by prescription. People may use alpha-blockers as these drugs can relax prostate muscle and make it easier to urinate. Surgery Surgery may be necessary, though this is uncommon. Surgeons can remove blockages or scar tissue from the bladder, which can improve the flow of urine and reduce symptoms of prostatitis. Natural treatments Home remedies may help to relieve some symptoms, but they typically cannot eliminate bacteria from the prostate. Medical treatment is usually necessary. Home remedies can include: drinking more water to help flush out bacteria

avoiding bladder irritants, such as alcohol, caffeine, and spicy food

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soaking in a warm sitz bath

using a heating pad to alleviate pain

avoiding activities that irritate the prostate, including cycling, horseback riding, and anything involving prolonged periods of sitting practicing Kegel exercises to train the bladder Some people might also find relief from the following alternative therapies: acupuncture

biofeedback

herbal supplements, such as ryegrass and saw palmetto

Female prostatitis The prostate is not typically part of the female anatomy. However, there are a series of glands and ducts at the front of the vagina, known as Skene’s glands , that some people may refer to as the “female prostate.” While the medical community does not fully understand the role of these glands, older research suggests they may have some similar properties to the male prostate gland. When a doctor refers to female prostatitis, it may be a reference to an infection of the Skene’s glands. In some cases, sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea, may spread to the female prostate. Alternatively, it may be urethral syndrome, which describes a group of symptoms that occur following irritation of the urethra.

medicalnewstoday.com - Prostate infection: Causes, symptoms, and treatments - Medical News Today

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