Photo: Felicity Tai

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5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland if it's enlarged. Finasteride and dutasteride are the two 5-alpha reductase inhibitors available.

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The treatment for an enlarged prostate gland will depend on how badly the symptoms are affecting your qualify of life.

Lifestyle changes

You might be able to relieve the symptoms by making some simple changes to your lifestyle.

Drink fewer fizzy drinks and less alcohol, caffeine and artificial sweeteners

Fizzy drinks and drinks that contain alcohol, caffeine (such as tea, coffee or cola) and artificial sweeteners can irritate the bladder and make urinary symptoms worse.

Drinking less fluid in the evening

Try to reduce the amount of fluids you drink in the evening and avoid drinking anything for 2 hours before you go to bed. This might help you avoid getting up in the night. Make sure you're still drinking enough fluid earlier in the day.

Remember to empty your bladder

Remember to go to the toilet before long journeys or when you know you will not be able to reach a toilet easily.

Double voiding

Double voiding involves waiting a few moments after you have finished peeing before trying to go again. It can help you empty your bladder properly. But take care not to strain or push.

Checking your medicines

Check with your doctor whether any medicines you take, such as antidepressants or decongestants, might be making your urinary symptoms worse.

Eating more fibre

Eating more fibre (which is found in fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereals) can help you avoid constipation, which can put pressure on your bladder and make the symptoms of an enlarged prostate worse.

Using pads or a sheath

Absorbent pads and pants can be worn inside your underwear, or may replace your underwear altogether. These will soak up any leaks. Urinary sheaths can also help with dribbling. They look like condoms with a tube coming out of the end. The tube connects to a bag that you can strap to your leg under your clothing.

Bladder training

Bladder training is an exercise programme that aims to help you last longer without peeing and hold more pee in your bladder. You'll be given a target, such as waiting at least 2 hours between each time you pee. It's a good idea to use a bladder training chart to record each time you pass urine and the volume of urine passed. You can download a bladder training chart (PDF, 115KB) from Bladder Matters. You'll need a plastic jug to measure this. Your doctor should also give you a chart to take home. You'll also be taught several exercises, such as breathing, relaxation and muscle exercises, to help take your mind off the need to pee. Over time your target time will be increased, and at the end of the programme you should find you're able to last longer without peeing. Ask your doctor or specialist nurse for more information about any of these lifestyle changes.

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Why do so many old men get prostate cancer?

Causes of prostate cancer Some factors that can increase your risk of prostate cancer include: age, increasing rapidly after 50 years of age. family history of prostate, breast or ovarian cancer, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. a father or brother diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 60.

cancer.org.au - Prostate cancer | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Prostate cancer develops when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow in an uncontrolled way, forming a malignant tumour. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in Australia. It is estimated that 24,217 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in Australia in 2022. One in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer by the age of 85. It is more common in older men, with over 70.1% of cases diagnosed in men over 65 years of age, and the mean age at diagnosis being 69.2 years old. Early (localised) prostate cancer refers to cancer cells that have grown but do not appear to have spread beyond the prostate.

There are two stages of advanced prostate cancer:

locally advanced prostate cancer where the cancer has spread outside the prostate to nearby parts of the body or glands close to the prostate metastatic prostate cancer where the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

The five year survival rate for prostate cancer is 95.5%.

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