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What blood test is for prostate?

A blood test called a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a substance made by the prostate. The levels of PSA in the blood can be higher in men who have prostate cancer. The PSA level may also be elevated in other conditions that affect the prostate.

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Some men get a PSA test to screen for prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor, learn what is involved, and decide if a PSA test is right for you. Cancer screening means looking for cancer before it causes symptoms. The goal of screening for prostate cancer is to find cancers that may be at high risk for spreading if not treated, and to find them early before they spread. If you are thinking about being screened, learn about the possible benefits and harms of screening, diagnosis, and treatment, and talk to your doctor about your personal risk factors. There is no standard test to screen for prostate cancer. Two tests that are commonly used to screen for prostate cancer are described below.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Test

A blood test called a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a substance made by the prostate. The levels of PSA in the blood can be higher in men who have prostate cancer. The PSA level may also be elevated in other conditions that affect the prostate. As a rule, the higher the PSA level in the blood, the more likely a prostate problem is present. But many factors, such as age and race, can affect PSA levels. Some prostate glands make more PSA than others.

PSA levels also can be affected by—

Certain medical procedures.

Certain medications.

An enlarged prostate.

A prostate infection.

Because many factors can affect PSA levels, your doctor is the best person to interpret your PSA test results. If the PSA test is abnormal, your doctor may recommend a biopsy to find out if you have prostate cancer.

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

Digital rectal examination (DRE) is when a health care provider inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into a man’s rectum to feel the prostate for anything abnormal, such as cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend DRE as a screening test because of lack evidence on the benefits.

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Can I check if I have an enlarged prostate?

An ultrasound uses sound waves to make a picture of your prostate gland. It can show whether it is enlarged or you have a tumor. You can have this test at your doctor's office or a hospital. A technician will insert a thin device called a transducer into your rectum.

Cystoscopy. This test lets the doctor see inside your urethra and bladder. You will first get medicine so you don't feel pain. You are usually awake for this quick procedure. There may be mild discomfort, which the local anesthesia helps with. The doctor will insert a tube called a cystoscope through your urethra into your bladder. The tube has a lens on one end that lets them look for problems inside your urinary tract. Transrectal ultrasound. An ultrasound uses sound waves to make a picture of your prostate gland. It can show whether it is enlarged or you have a tumor. You can have this test at your doctor's office or a hospital. A technician will insert a thin device called a transducer into your rectum. As the device moves around, it will show different parts of your prostate. Biopsy. For this test, you will first get medicine so you don't feel any pain. The doctor will use an ultrasound, CT, or MRI scan to see your prostate gland. They will then use a needle to take a piece of tissue. The sample will be sent to a lab where a technician will look at it under a microscope to see whether it is cancerous. Talk to your doctor about your test results. Make sure you understand what they mean and how they will affect your treatment.

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