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What are three symptoms of urinary tract infections?

Symptoms Pain or burning while urinating. Frequent urination. Feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. Bloody urine. Pressure or cramping in the groin or lower abdomen.

cdc.gov - Urinary Tract Infection | Antibiotic Use - CDC

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Do you have pain or burning when you urinate? You might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). Antibiotics treat UTIs. Your healthcare professional can determine if you have a UTI and what antibiotic you need.

What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

UTIs are common infections that happen when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra, and infect the urinary tract. The infections can affect several parts of the urinary tract, but the most common type is a bladder infection (cystitis). Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is another type of UTI. They’re less common, but more serious than bladder infections.

Risk Factors

Some people are at higher risk of getting a UTI. UTIs are more common in females because their urethras are shorter and closer to the rectum. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract.

Other factors that can increase the risk of UTIs:

A previous UTI

Sexual activity

Changes in the bacteria that live inside the vagina, or vaginal flora. For example, menopause or the use of spermicides can cause these bacterial changes.

Pregnancy

Age (older adults and young children are more likely to get UTIs)

Structural problems in the urinary tract, such as enlarged prostate

Poor hygiene, for example, in children who are potty-training

Symptoms

Symptoms of a bladder infection can include:

Pain or burning while urinating

Frequent urination

Feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder

Bloody urine

Pressure or cramping in the groin or lower abdomen

Symptoms of a kidney infection can include:

Fever

Chills

Lower back pain or pain in the side of your back

Nausea or vomiting

Younger children may not be able to tell you about UTI symptoms they are having. While fever is the most common sign of UTI in infants and toddlers, most children with fever do not have a UTI. If you have concerns that your child may have a UTI, talk to a healthcare professional.

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Do females prefer female gynecologist?

The majority of women surveyed reported to prefer a female over a male Ob/Gyn. There appears to be no significant difference in specific preference for a female provider over “no specific gender preference.”

journals.lww.com - Gender Preference of the Obstetrician Gynecologist Provider

INTRODUCTION:

Multiple surveys have been administered to patients regarding their preference for a male or female obstetrician gynecologist (OB/GYN). The results of these studies are heterogeneous. No prior conglomerate analysis has been yet conducted.

METHODS:

Data Source: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and references of relevant articles. Methods of Study Selection and Selection Criteria: We reviewed 4,822 electronically identified citations. Only English-language studies were included. Studies included were surveys administered to patients that specifically asked the gender preference of their Ob/Gyn provider.

RESULTS:

Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria including 14,736 patients. Overall 8.3% (95% CI: 0.08–0.09) of patients reported a preference for a male Ob/Gyn provider, 50.2% (95% CI: 0.49–0.51) preferred a female provider and 41.3% (95% CI: 0.40–0.42) reported no gender preference. A sub-analysis of studies conducted in the United States from 1999 onward demonstrated (n=9861) that 8.4% (95% CI: 0.08–0.09) preferred a male provider, 53.2% (95% CI: 0.52–0.54) preferred a female provider and 38.5% (95% CI: 0.38–0.39) reported no gender preference. In the United States sub-analysis the mean differences for the preference of female providers over a male provider was statistically significant (P<.01) however no significance (P>.05) was identified comparing the preference for a female provider to “no gender preference.”

CONCLUSION:

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