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What are the four measures of health?

The 4 summary mortality and health measures are: OHM-5: Life expectancy at birth. OHM-6: Free of activity limitation. OHM-7: Free of disability. OHM-8: Respondent-assessed health status — in good or better health.

health.gov - Overall Health and Well-Being Measures - Healthy People 2030

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To learn how OHMs are connected to other Healthy People measures and the Healthy People 2030 vision, check out our Healthy People 2030 Objectives and Measures graphic.

Well-Being

In the top tier, OHM-1: Overall well-being is expressed as overall life satisfaction. Well-being reflects the cumulative contributions of health and non-health factors. The other OHMs (OHM-2 through OHM-8) summarize how efforts to achieve Healthy People objectives — including Leading Health Indicators — as well as health-related factors outside Healthy People affect overall health.

Healthy Life Expectancy

The next tier contains the 3 healthy life expectancy (HLE) measures, which combine a summary measure of mortality (life expectancy) and summary measures of health. These 3 HLE measures are:

OHM-2: Life expectancy at birth — free of activity limitation

OHM-3: Life expectancy at birth — free of disability

OHM-4: Life expectancy at birth — in good or better health

These measures represent the expected number of years a person will live in good health — defined as free of activity limitation, free of disability, or in good or better health (respondent-assessed) — assuming current rates of death and disease. In this way, HLE could be viewed as a computational subpart of life expectancy (OHM-5). However, the HLE measures reflect the combined impact of overall mortality (OHM-5) and each summary health measure (OHM-6, OHM-7, and OHM-8) shown below. This means the HLE measures provide a more comprehensive snapshot of overall health than any individual summary mortality or health measure, including life expectancy.

Summary Mortality and Health

The 3rd tier includes the 4 summary mortality and health measures, which are used individually and as the components of HLE measures. The 4 summary mortality and health measures are:

OHM-5: Life expectancy at birth

OHM-6: Free of activity limitation

OHM-7: Free of disability

OHM-8: Respondent-assessed health status — in good or better health

Monitoring OHMs

The 8 OHMs will be monitored throughout the decade to collectively illustrate the overall health and well-being of the population and demonstrate improvements. Since OHMs are broad, comprehensive measures that reflect the contributions of the Healthy People 2030 objectives to overall health and well-being, they don’t have targets and aren’t considered objectives.

Reference

1. Madans, J.H. & Weeks, J.D. (2016). A Framework for Monitoring Progress Using Summary Measures of Health. Journal of Aging and Health, 28(7), 1299-1314.

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