What are the four major social issues that are evident in today's?

Economic inequality and poverty. Illiteracy and lack of education. Gender inequality. High unemployment rates.

study.com - Social Issues | Causes & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript

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Causes of Social Issues

Just as people disagree on how to solve social issues, many also disagree on the causes of social issues. Typically, social problems are very complex. Social science can't always pinpoint one root cause, making it difficult to create a solution. Take, for example, climate change. For decades, scientists have studied how human activity impacts the climate. Using that data, scientists concluded that climate change is a challenge facing our planet. In our society, most of us agree that climate change is a problem. Therefore, climate change is a social issue. However, our society does not agree on what is causing climate change or how to solve this issue. The same is true of many other problems. Societies don't always agree on the causes of social issues. Without agreement on the causes, it's difficult to find a solution to these very complex situations. However, social science researchers have found common causes that seem to contribute to common social problems:

Overpopulation

Economic inequality and poverty

Illiteracy and lack of education

Gender inequality

High unemployment rates

Superstitious beliefs

A society may have one, several, or all of these contributing factors.

Types of Social Issues

Each generation focuses on different social issues. What was important to Americans 100 years ago isn't necessarily relevant in today's society. Now, young people consider the following social issues to be among the most pressing.

Refugees and Immigration

Refugees are people from other countries who live in extreme hardship or inhumane conditions. Some refugees seek asylum in America, meaning they enter the U.S. in search of assistance and safety. The U.S. gives asylum to refugees from many countries. Most recently, refugees from Afghanistan entered cities across the U.S., escaping violence that began after American troops left their country. The U.S. also accepted thousands of refugees from Syria, a country experiencing continued unrest. Many Americans see refugees as a social issue. There are relatively few refugees compared to the total U.S. population, but this issue impacts our entire society. Refugees need housing, public assistance, education, and other resources, which all cause an economic and social strain on our economy. Some people believe the U.S. should welcome refugees and help them meet their basic human needs. Others believe America cannot financially afford to take in refugees. Immigration is another social problem that has many Americans divided. Whereas refugees are fleeing dangerous or unlivable countries, immigrants often come to the U.S. for financial gain, new opportunities, or other personal reasons. Immigrants come to America in hopes of eventually becoming American citizens. Immigration has many positive outcomes for Americans, but it also strains the already overcrowded schools, workplaces, and housing facilities.

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Poverty and Economic Insecurity

The latest census reported that more than 37 million Americans live in poverty. The poverty line is the minimum income required for an individual or family to afford basic necessities like housing, food, clothing, and healthcare. About 11% of all Americans live below the poverty line, meaning they do not make enough money to pay for basic necessities on their own. Government programs like housing assistance, food programs, and low-cost healthcare coverage help these individuals make ends meet.

Poverty is just one indicator of a social issue.

Economic insecurity means someone might not be living in poverty, but low wages prevent them from achieving "success," as defined by society. For instance, someone who works full-time but doesn't make enough money to save for a house, afford a reliable car, or afford nutritious food might be economically insecure. Stagnant wages, rising costs of living, increased college tuition, and other expenses add to the economic insecurity issue. Many Americans agree that poverty and economic insecurity are a social problem. However, potential solutions, like raising taxes, increasing the minimum wage, or giving more people access to social services, are often controversial.

study.com - Social Issues | Causes & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript

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