What are signs of low testosterone in males?

What are the symptoms of low testosterone? Reduced sex drive. Erectile dysfunction. Loss of armpit and pubic hair. Shrinking testicles. Hot flashes. Low or zero sperm count (azoospermia), which causes male infertility.

my.clevelandclinic.org - Low Testosterone (Low T): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Overview

Symptoms of low testosterone can vary considerably, particularly by age and how severe it is.

What is low testosterone (male hypogonadism)?

Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) is a condition in which your testicles don’t produce enough testosterone (the male sex hormone). Testicles are the gonads (sex organs) in people assigned male at birth (AMAB). More specifically, the Leydig cells in your testicles make testosterone. Low testosterone causes different symptoms at different ages. Testosterone levels in adults AMAB naturally decline as they age. This includes cisgender men, non-binary people AMAB and transgender women who aren’t undergoing feminizing hormone therapy.

Other names for low testosterone and male hypogonadism include:

Testosterone deficiency syndrome.

Testosterone deficiency.

Primary hypogonadism.

Secondary hypogonadism.

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

What does testosterone do?

Testosterone is the main androgen. It stimulates the development of male characteristics and is essential for sperm production (spermatogenesis). Levels of testosterone are naturally much higher in people assigned AMAB than in people assigned female at birth (AFAB).

In people assigned AMAB, testosterone helps maintain and develop:

Sex organs and genitalia.

Muscle mass.

Bone density.

Sense of well-being.

Sexual and reproductive function.

Your body usually tightly controls the levels of testosterone in your blood. Levels are typically highest in the morning and decline through the day. Your hypothalamus and pituitary gland normally control the amount of testosterone your testicles produce and release. Your hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which triggers your pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH). LH then travels to your gonads (testicles or ovaries) and stimulates the production and release of testosterone. Your pituitary also releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to cause sperm production. Any issue with your testicles, hypothalamus or pituitary gland can cause low testosterone (male hypogonadism).

What is a low testosterone level?

The American Urology Association (AUA) considers low blood testosterone to be less than 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) for adults. However, some researchers and healthcare providers disagree with this and feel that levels below 250 ng/dL are low. Providers also take symptoms into consideration when diagnosing low testosterone.

Who does low testosterone (male hypogonadism) affect?

Male hypogonadism is a medical condition that can affect people with testicles at any age from birth through adulthood.

Low testosterone is more likely to affect people who:

How common is low testosterone?

It’s difficult for researchers to estimate how common low testosterone is since different studies have different definitions for low testosterone. Data suggest that about 2% of people AMAB may have low testosterone. And other studies have estimated that more than 8% of people AMAB aged 50 to 79 years have low testosterone.

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What health issues are men more at risk for?

increased risk of hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary heart disease and stroke. increased risk of type 2 diabetes (90% of adults with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese) increased risk of several cancers. increased risk of erectile dysfunction.

nutrition.org.uk - Common health issues in men - British Nutrition Foundation

Healthy bodyweight

In adults, a BMI of 25 kg/m² to 29.9 kg/m² means that a person is considered to be overweight, a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher means that a person is considered to be obese. BMI in highly muscular adults should be interpreted with caution as it may be a less accurate measure of obesity in this group. For England, the main source of data on the percentage of men that are overweight and obese is the Health Survey for England (HSE). In 2018, around 70% of men (aged 16 years and over) were reported to be overweight or obese. It is important for everyone to try to maintain a healthy body weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2). You can calculate your BMI using the BMI calculator on this NHS page.

Health risks of adult obesity

There is now good evidence to show that adult obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems including:

increased risk of hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary heart disease and stroke

increased risk of type 2 diabetes (90% of adults with type 2 diabetes are overweight or obese)

increased risk of several cancers

increased risk of erectile dysfunction

increased risk of sleep apnoea (interruptions to breathing while asleep)

increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux (symptoms include heartburn and acid reflux)

Raised bodyweight puts strain on the body's joints, especially the knees, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis (a condition that affects your joints and causes pain and stiffness). There is also an increased risk of low back pain. Obesity is also associated with low self-esteem, depression and reduced libido.

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