Prostate Restored
Prostate Restored
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Cancer that spreads from where it started to a distant part of the body is called metastatic cancer. For many types of cancer, it is also called stage IV (4) cancer. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is called metastasis.
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Read More »What Is Metastatic Cancer? The Challenges of Living with Metastatic Cancer Survivors describe “scanxiety,” financial concerns, and other issues. Cancer that spreads from where it started to a distant part of the body is called metastatic cancer. For many types of cancer, it is also called stage IV (4) cancer. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is called metastasis. When observed under a microscope and tested in other ways, metastatic cancer cells have features like that of the primary cancer and not like the cells in the place where the metastatic cancer is found. This is how doctors can tell that it is cancer that has spread from another part of the body. Metastatic cancer has the same name as the primary cancer. For example, breast cancer that spreads to the lung is called metastatic breast cancer, not lung cancer. It is treated as stage IV breast cancer, not as lung cancer. Sometimes when people are diagnosed with metastatic cancer, doctors cannot tell where it started. This type of cancer is called cancer of unknown primary origin, or CUP. See the Carcinoma of Unknown Primary page for more information. How Cancer Spreads Metastasis: How Cancer Spreads During metastasis, cancer cells spread from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the body. Cancer cells spread through the body in a series of steps. These steps include: growing into, or invading, nearby normal tissue moving through the walls of nearby lymph nodes or blood vessels traveling through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to other parts of the body stopping in small blood vessels at a distant location, invading the blood vessel walls, and moving into the surrounding tissue growing in this tissue until a tiny tumor forms causing new blood vessels to grow, which creates a blood supply that allows the metastatic tumor to continue growing Most of the time, spreading cancer cells die at some point in this process. But, as long as conditions are favorable for the cancer cells at every step, some of them are able to form new tumors in other parts of the body. Metastatic cancer cells can also remain inactive at a distant site for many years before they begin to grow again, if at all. (Audio descriptive and interactive transcript version of video available.) Where Cancer Spreads Enlarge In metastasis, cancer cells break away from where they first formed and form new tumors in other parts of the body. Credit: © Terese Winslow Cancer can spread to almost any part of the body, although different types of cancer are more likely to spread to certain areas than others. The most common sites where cancer spreads are bone, liver, and lung. The following list shows the most common sites of metastasis, not including the lymph nodes, for some common cancers: Common Sites Where Cancer Spreads Cancer Type Main Sites of Metastasis Bladder Bone, liver, lung Breast Bone, brain, liver, lung Colon Liver, lung, peritoneum Kidney Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung Lung Adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung Melanoma Bone, brain, liver, lung, skin, muscle Ovary Liver, lung, peritoneum Pancreas Liver, lung, peritoneum Prostate Adrenal gland, bone, liver, lung Rectal Liver, lung, peritoneum Stomach Liver, lung, peritoneum Thyroid Bone, liver, lung Uterus Bone, liver, lung, peritoneum, vagina Symptoms of Metastatic Cancer Metastatic cancer does not always cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, what they are like and how often you have them will depend on the size and location of the metastatic tumors. Some common signs of metastatic cancer include: pain and fractures, when cancer has spread to the bone
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