Prostate Restored
Prostate Restored
Photo: Michael Burrows
Generally, you'll have one testicle to the right and one testicle to the left of your penis. Your testicles are connected to the inside of your body by a cord called the spermatic cord.
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Read More »Overview The testicles are two small egg-shaped organs contained in the scrotum. What is a testicle? A testicle (pronounced “teh-stuh-kl”) is part of the anatomy of men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB). Generally, you’ll have two testicles. These body parts make sperm and hormones. Other names for your testicles are male gonads or testes (pronounced “teh-steez”). One testicle is called a testis. There are other more casual names for testicles that you might hear or even use yourself, including “balls,” “nuts” and “cojones.” Function What do the testicles do? The testicles make sperm and sex hormones, particularly testosterone. How do the testicles make sperm? Testicles are about two degrees Celsius lower in temperature than the rest of your body. Cooler temperatures are better for making sperm, a process called spermatogenesis. In each of the testes, the process happens in tubes called seminiferous tubules. There are a surprising number of tubes in each testis — about 700. It takes about 74 days for sperm cells to mature. The immature cells get the blood and nutrients they need in the tubules. From there, they’re pushed along to the epididymis, another type of tube that runs along the back side of your testicle. The epididymis connects to the vas deferens, which is the tube that lets sperm leave your body through your penis. What are the hormones made by the testes? The testes make hormones like testosterone in the Leydig cells. Testosterone is a hormone that causes people to have deeper voices, stronger muscles and body hair. The testes also make these other hormones: Inhibin B : Serum levels of this protein are related to testicular volume and sperm counts in adults. : Serum levels of this protein are related to testicular volume and sperm counts in adults. Anti-Mullerian hormone : This hormone is important to the development of internal male reproductive organs. : This hormone is important to the development of internal male reproductive organs. Insulin-like factor 3 : This hormone helps testicles descend into the scrotum from the abdomen and to continue to develop in the scrotum. : This hormone helps testicles descend into the scrotum from the abdomen and to continue to develop in the scrotum. Estradiol: This hormone is important in making sperm. Anatomy Where are the testicles located? Your testicles are located underneath your penis. They’re enclosed in a pouch of skin called the scrotum. Generally, you’ll have one testicle to the right and one testicle to the left of your penis. Your testicles are connected to the inside of your body by a cord called the spermatic cord. Each cord contains nerves and blood vessels. The cords also contain the vas deferens, which are the tubes that move sperm to your penis, so it can leave your body in semen. What do the testicles look like? Your testicles aren’t visible because they’re located inside your scrotum. However, their outlines are visible, and you can feel them. Testicles have been described as being like large olives, small eggs or walnuts. How big are testicles? There’s no exact size for testicles. In fact, one of your testicles may be a little bit bigger than the other one. One testicle might be a little lower than the other. An adult testicle may range from half an inch (15 mL) to 1.5 inches (35 mL) or more. One comparison says the normal range goes from the size of a bird egg to the size of a small chicken egg. Conditions and Disorders What are the common conditions and disorders that affect the testicles? Many testicle-related diseases are found in children, but not all. Here are some conditions that could affect your testicles: Hypogonadism : Your testicles don’t produce enough of the hormones you need.
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Read More »Your testicles don’t produce enough of the hormones you need. Klinefelter syndrome : This genetic condition happens when a person is born with two copies of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome. : This genetic condition happens when a person is born with two copies of the X chromosome and one copy of the Y chromosome. Infertility : This refers to being unable to impregnate a partner. Your testicles may not produce any — or enough — sperm, or they might not be able to release the sperm. : This refers to being unable to impregnate a partner. Your testicles may not produce any — or enough — sperm, or they might not be able to release the sperm. Cryptorchidism : This condition, also called undescended testicles, refers to testicles that don’t drop into your scrotum when they should. : This condition, also called undescended testicles, refers to testicles that don’t drop into your scrotum when they should. Epididymitis : This condition refers to an inflammation of the epididymis. This condition refers to an inflammation of the epididymis. Spermatocele : This is another name for a cyst that grows above or behind a testis. : This is another name for a cyst that grows above or behind a testis. Testicular torsion : This medical emergency happens when a testis becomes twisted, and the blood supply is cut off. You need to get help right away. This medical emergency happens when a testis becomes twisted, and the blood supply is cut off. You need to get help right away. Testicular cancer: This condition is the most common cancer in men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) who are between the ages of 20 and 35 years old. Your testicles can be damaged by physical trauma, including motor vehicle accidents, falls or fights. What are some common signs or symptoms of conditions related to your testes? Contact your healthcare provider if you develop these signs or symptoms: Pain in your scrotum and/or testicles.
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