How does the prostate get infected?

Bacterial prostatitis is caused by a bacterial infection in the prostate. Bacteria can get into the prostate when infected urine flows backwards from the urethra. A sex partner cannot "catch" this type of infection. Bacteria can be found in urine, prostate fluid or blood tests.

urologyhealth.org - Prostatitis (Infection of the Prostate): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

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Your health care provider may start by asking you questions about your pain to find out what’s wrong. A digital rectal exam (DRE) may be done to check the prostate. Your doctor may do a transrectal ultrasound to look at your prostate or do a test called cystoscopy to check your urinary system. You may also be asked to get lab tests to look for bacteria in your urine or prostate fluid. A urine flow study or urodynamics test may be done to look for a block in your urinary system. If your health care provider suspects a problem with your prostate or nearby tissues, he/she may send you to a urologist. A urologist is a doctor who treats problems of the urinary tract and male reproductive systems. Each type of prostatitis calls for a different treatment. Your doctor will want to know exactly what is causing your symptoms. To find the answers, more than one type of test may be used.

Physical Exam

Your health care provider may do a digital rectal exam (DRE). This is done by putting a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum. Your doctor will press and feel the prostate to see if it is enlarged or tender. Lumps or firmness can suggest prostate cancer. He/she will ask you how much pain you feel during this test. If you have prostatitis, this exam may hurt a bit. But it doesn't cause any harm or lasting pain.

Tests

Ultrasound

To get a closer look at the prostate gland, your health care provider may order a transrectal ultrasound. An ultrasound uses sound waves to show a picture of the prostate. To "see" the prostate, the ultrasound probe is placed in the rectum.

Urine and prostate fluid tests

Your doctor may test your urine and fluid from your prostate gland. When the prostate is massaged during the DRE, a fluid called expressed prostatic excretion (EPS) comes out of the penis. Urine and EPS are checked for signs of inflammation and infection. The test results may tell the doctor if the problem is in your urethra, bladder, or prostate. Your blood and semen may also be tested for bacteria, white blood cells, or other signs of infection. Because it can be hard to get good samples, health care providers can sometimes have trouble telling if prostatitis is caused by bacteria. Also, if you have been treated with antibiotics in the recent past, this can change the results. If you are at risk for cancer, your health care provider may order a blood test to check your prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. But if you have a prostate infection, your PSA can be falsely raised. Because of this, doctors are careful about how they read your PSA test results.

Cystoscopy

Your urologist may look inside your urethra, prostate, and bladder with a cystoscope. A cystoscope is a long, thin telescope with a light at the end. First, your urologist will numb your urethra. Then, he or she will gently guide the cystoscope through your urethra into the bladder.

Urine Flow Studies (Urodynamics)

Your urologist may also order urine flow studies or urodynamics. These help measure the strength of your urine flow. These tests also spot any blockage caused by the prostate, urethra, or pelvic muscles.

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Does sitting cause prostate problems?

When you sit for long periods, it puts pressure on your prostate gland and inflames it over time. Try to avoid long bike rides and sitting down for too long. Get moving. Make time to exercise at least three times a week.

webmd.com - Can I Prevent Prostatitis? - WebMD

Prostatitis is a condition that causes your prostate gland to become swollen, tender, and inflamed. It can be quite painful, especially when you pee or ejaculate (release semen during an orgasm). The most common locations of pain were the perineum (the area between the anus and the scrotum), testes (58 percent), suprapubic area (Between the public area and belly button), and penis Doctors aren’t always sure what causes prostatitis. Common causes vary depending on whether it is acute vs. chronic and/or infectious vs inflammation. Sometimes, an infection in your urinary tract is to blame. Other times, it’s due to an injury or nerve damage. In many cases, doctors never find the cause. Because of that, treatment for prostatitis can be a challenge. For some men, it can take months -- or even years -- to recover. There’s no sure way to prevent getting this condition, but many small lifestyle changes can help keep your prostate gland healthy. They may also help to lower your risk of prostatitis. If you already have problems with your prostate, try these tips to ease your symptoms and keep your issue from getting worse.

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