Prostate Restored
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How does prostate cancer cause death?

Most men are diagnosed with prostate cancer in their senior years and only 1 out of 36 men die from it. Death from prostate cancer most often happens when cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs in the body. This is known as the advanced stage of prostate cancer.

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Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate gland in men. Death from prostate cancer most often happens when cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs in the body. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer after skin cancer in men in the US and the second leading cause of cancer death. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has made the detection of prostate cancer easier in its early stages. Ninety-two out of 100 men get diagnosed when the cancer is limited to the prostate. Most men are diagnosed with prostate cancer in their senior years and only 1 out of 36 men die from it. Death from prostate cancer most often happens when cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs in the body. This is known as the advanced stage of prostate cancer. The chances of survival decrease as cancer spreads beyond the prostate. If cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body, only three out of 10 men will survive for five years after the diagnosis. Cancerous cells may spread to organs other than the site of origin. In the case of prostate cancer, this tendency is decreased, but it can happen. Advanced stage prostate cancer is defined based on the Gleason score, which is based on the TNM staging of cancer. T stands for tumor size, N stands for lymph node involvement and M stands for metastasis. Prostate cancer can kill in the end through metastases that can develop in

Lymph nodes

Bones (particularly lower spine, pelvis, and femur)

Brain

Liver

Lungs

Metastasis to the bone can cause too much bone calcium to be released into the blood. The condition is known as hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can disrupt the functioning of organs, such as the kidney and heart. In severe cases, high calcium levels can lead to death. Metastasis to the lungs can cause the affected lung to collapse or cause a lung infection that becomes difficult to treat. This can severely decrease the affected person’s ability to draw oxygen into the body. Metastasis to the liver can affect the liver’s ability to filter out toxins from the body. This can eventually lead to jaundice, nausea, loss of appetite and weight loss. Paraneoplastic syndrome associated with prostate cancer may cause symptoms such as neuropathy, difficulty walking, loss of muscle tone, loss of fine motor coordination, memory loss, seizures, sensory loss in the limbs and vertigo or dizziness. Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune system response to cancerous cells. These cells mostly attack the nerve and the muscle cells throughout the body. Advanced stage cancer leads to malnutrition, which can cause muscle wasting, weight loss and fatigue. It may even repress the healthy immune system to an extent that the person develops fungal infections and sepsis.

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What raises PSA?

For example, the PSA level tends to increase with age, prostate gland size, and inflammation or infection. A recent prostate biopsy will also increase the PSA level, as can ejaculation or vigorous exercise (such as cycling) in the 2 days before testing.

Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are usually reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. The blood level of PSA is often elevated in people with prostate cancer, and the PSA test was originally approved by the FDA in 1986 to monitor the progression of prostate cancer in men who had already been diagnosed with the disease. In 1994, FDA approved the PSA test to be used in conjunction with a digital rectal exam (DRE) to aid in the detection of prostate cancer in men 50 years and older. Until about 2008, many doctors and professional organizations had encouraged yearly PSA screening for prostate cancer beginning at age 50. PSA testing (along with a DRE) is also often used by health care providers for individuals who report prostate symptoms to help determine the nature of the problem. In addition to prostate cancer, several benign (not cancerous) conditions can cause a person’s PSA level to rise, particularly prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (enlargement of the prostate). There is no evidence that either condition leads to prostate cancer, but someone can have one or both of these conditions and develop prostate cancer as well.

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