How does a man check his testosterone levels?

A blood sample for a testosterone test should be taken in the morning between 7 and 10. During these hours, your testosterone levels are typically the highest. A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle.

medlineplus.gov - Testosterone Levels Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

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Men with a prostate volume ≥ 30 cc were considered to have an enlarged gland [25,26,27]. The prostate volume was categorized as follows: < 30 cc...

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What is a testosterone levels test?

A testosterone levels test measures the amount of testosterone in a sample of your blood. Testosterone is known as a "male" sex hormone, but females have testosterone in smaller amounts.

Testosterone is made by:

The testicles (or testes), the part of the male reproductive system that makes sperm

The ovaries, the part of the female reproductive system that makes eggs

The adrenal glands, organs on top of each kidney that make several hormones During male puberty, testosterone causes body hair, muscle growth, and a deepening voice. In adult life, it controls sex drive, maintains muscle mass, and helps make sperm. In females, testosterone is important for the growth of bones and muscles, and healthy organs. There are different forms of testosterone in your blood that may be measured to help diagnose certain health problems. Most of your testosterone is attached to proteins. The proteins prevent your tissues from using the testosterone right away, which helps control the amount of "active" testosterone in your body. Testosterone that's not attached to proteins is called free testosterone. Free testosterone acts on your tissues.

Three types of blood tests measure these different forms of testosterone:

A total testosterone test measures free testosterone and testosterone that's attached to proteins. This is the most common type of test. measures free testosterone and testosterone that's attached to proteins. This is the most common type of test. A free testosterone test measures only the "active" form of testosterone. This test is less common, but it may be useful for diagnosing certain medical conditions. measures only the "active" form of testosterone. This test is less common, but it may be useful for diagnosing certain medical conditions. A bioavailable testosterone test measures free testosterone and testosterone that's loosely attached to a blood protein called albumin. This test isn't commonly done. But like a free testosterone test, it may help diagnose certain medical conditions.

Other names: serum testosterone, total testosterone, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone

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Is cauliflower good for prostate?

nature.com - Cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli harbour prostate cancer inhibiting ...

You have full access to this article via your institution.

© S. Priyadarshini

An organic compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells by activating a specific gene that encodes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumour-suppressing enzyme. This finding may help design novel therapies for prostate and other types of cancers1. An international research team, including a scientist from the Intonation Research Laboratories in Hyderabad, India, set out to explore the roles of PTEN, a protein encoded by the PTEN gene in cancer. The PTEN enzyme has been found to suppress tumours when it accumulates in the cell membrane. In cell-based experiments, the researchers identified that WWP1, a protein found in cells, disrupts the function of the PTEN enzyme by dissociating it from the membrane. This, in turn, triggered a cascade of molecular events that eventually forms invasive tumours. They found that another gene, known as MYC, also initiates tumour growth by regulating the activity of the WWP1-coding gene. When the WWP1-coding gene was deleted, PTEN was reactivated. This inhibited the growth of cancer cells. The organic compound blocked the activity of Wwp1 and restored the function of the Pten enzyme, shrinking prostate tumours significantly in mice. The treated mice remained fit and fertile, suggesting that the compound could emerge as a safe anti-cancer drug.

References

1. Lee, Y. et al. Reactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor for cancer treatment through inhibition of a MYC-WWP1 inhibitory pathway. Science 364, eaau0159 (2019)

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