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How do you know if your bladder isn't emptying?

The symptoms of urinary retention can range from severe abdominal pain and the inability to urinate, to few or no symptoms at all. Urinary retention results from either a blockage that partially or fully prevents the flow of urine, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine.

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Urinary retention is a condition in which you cannot empty all the urine from your bladder. Urinary retention can be acute—a sudden inability to urinate, or chronic—a gradual inability to completely empty the bladder of urine. Health care professionals use your medical history, a physical exam, and tests to help find the cause of urinary retention. Tests include postvoid residual urine measurement, lab tests, imaging tests, urodynamic tests, and cystoscopy. The symptoms of urinary retention can range from severe abdominal pain and the inability to urinate, to few or no symptoms at all. Urinary retention results from either a blockage that partially or fully prevents the flow of urine, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine. You can’t always prevent urinary retention, but by staying in tune with your body and bathroom habits, taking medicine as prescribed, strengthening your pelvic floor muscles, and making good dietary choices, you can help keep your bladder as healthy as possible. Treatment for urinary retention depends on the type of urinary retention you have—either acute or chronic—and the cause of your urinary retention. Treatments for urinary retention may include draining the bladder, medicines, medical procedures or devices, surgery, and self-care treatments. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions. This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.

The NIDDK would like to thank

Steven A. Kaplan, M.D., Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

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Can females hold their pee longer than males?

This gives the physiological capacity of the adult male and female as 500 ml, and notes that there is probably no inherent difference between male and female.

THE BODY BEAUTIFUL

Is a man's bladder larger or smaller than that of a woman? A GOOD source of physiological data of this sort is the Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, Publication 23 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (1975). This gives the physiological capacity of the adult male and female as 500 ml, and notes that there is probably no inherent difference between male and female. The habit of urination has a direct bearing on the size of the bladder. If the individual has the habit of urinating frequently, he (or she) may be uncomfortable retaining the average amount. Mike Fulker, Westlakes Research Institute, Moor Row, Cumbria (fulker@westlakes.ac.uk) THE QUESTION may be prompted by women's apparent need to go to the WC more frequently than men do. Some have suggested this is due to the woman's bladder pushing against interior parts that cause discomfort, whereas the male bladder bumps up against less objecting parts, so that the discomfort is far less. J. Belck, USA (nbelck@siue.edu) AT this very moment, mine is smaller. The answer would also vary with other circumstances - size, age, fluid intake, bladder habits, renal function, anatomic variation, and health (neurologic for example). The bladder (in both sexes) can expand quite incredibly in various situations. I doubt that anyone has been sadistic enough to line up recruits and inflate their bladders maximally for such comparisons, and autopsy specimen measurements are artifactual and irrelevant. (Prof) Philip Hall, Head of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.

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