Photo: Sarah Chai

How do you know if you have a healthy prostate?

Screenings can include a digital rectal exam and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. If your PSA test indicates an above-normal result and you've had a normal digital rectal exam, you may be a candidate for the prostate health index test.

hopkinsmedicine.org - Tips for Keeping a Healthy Prostate | Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Health Ask The Expert

1. Maintain a Balanced Diet

They’re probably not your favorite part of any meal, but green, leafy vegetables are a good first step toward a healthy prostate. These vegetables are full of important vitamins and antioxidants that keep you — and specifically, your prostate — healthy. So look for some healthy recipes that have lettuce, spinach, kale and broccoli to make your prostate-healthy dinner delicious. While you’re filling your plate with these leafy greens, avoid charred meats. There is believed to be a link between PhIP, a chemical compound released when meat is charred, and an increased risk of cancer.

2. Get Some Sun

Don’t ditch the sunscreen, but don’t hide from the sun either. Too little sun exposure can actually increase your risk of getting prostate cancer. We get a lot of valuable vitamin D from the sun, and this is a great way to reduce your risk of prostate cancer. Vitamin D also helps keep us healthy in other ways. It’s good for heart health, and it keeps your kidneys and pancreas healthy.

3. Get Screened

Prostate cancer screening recommendations are different depending on whether you’re in a high-risk or an average-risk group. If you are in a high-risk group, you should consider getting screened for prostate cancer starting at age 40. Men who are at normal risk are encouraged to consider screenings starting at age 55.

Men with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer include:

African-Americans

People of Scandinavian descent

Anyone who has two or more family members who were diagnosed with prostate cancer Screenings can include a digital rectal exam and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. If your PSA test indicates an above-normal result and you’ve had a normal digital rectal exam, you may be a candidate for the prostate health index test. This blood test is similar to the PSA test, but it provides results with a higher specificity. The test was FDA-approved in 2012, and Johns Hopkins is one of a few American medical centers to perform the test regularly. There are pros and cons to some prostate cancer screenings, and a decision to begin screenings should be made with your doctor.

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How do you strengthen your prostate muscles?

How do I do the exercises? Slowly tighten the muscles as hard as you can so you feel a lifting sensation. Try to hold this lift for 10 seconds. Keep breathing normally. Slowly relax the muscles and rest for 10 seconds. Aim to repeat the lift and rest up to 10 times.

prostatecanceruk.org - Pelvic floor muscle exercises | Prostate Cancer UK

How do pelvic floor muscle exercises help with urinary problems?

Strong pelvic floor muscles may help with some urinary problems, including:

leaking urine – this could be just a few drops, or a steady flow throughout the day (urinary incontinence) leaking urine when you go to sit down or stand up, cough, sneeze or bend forwards (stress incontinence) a sudden urge to urinate (urgency), and sometimes leaking before you get to the toilet (urge incontinence) needing to urinate more often than usual (frequency), including several times at night (nocturia)

dribbling urine after you finish urinating (after-dribble)

leaking a little urine when you get sexually aroused or when you orgasm (climacturia). Some men find pelvic floor muscle exercises help with problems getting or keeping an erection after treatment for prostate cancer. Some men also find they help to improve the quality of their erections. The exercises may also help with bowel problems such as needing to rush to the toilet, leakage (faecal incontinence), or passing a lot of wind.

What can cause these problems?

If you’ve had certain treatments for prostate cancer, such as surgery to remove the prostate (radical prostatectomy), you might have some urinary problems. You might also have urinary problems if you’ve had surgery for an enlarged prostate, such as an operation called a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Obesity, constipation (difficulty emptying your bowels) and coughing a lot – due to smoking, for example – can all put an extra strain on the pelvic floor muscles, which can make problems worse. Some men might get bowel problems after radiotherapy to treat prostate cancer. And several treatments for prostate cancer, including surgery and radiotherapy, can cause erection problems.

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