Photo: Artem Podrez

How do doctors test for incontinence?

Tests can include: measuring the pressure in your bladder by inserting a catheter into your urethra. measuring the pressure in your tummy (abdomen) by inserting a catheter into your bottom. asking you to urinate into a special machine that measures the amount and flow of urine.

nhs.uk - Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis - NHS

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A GP will ask you questions about your symptoms and medical history, including: Try not to be embarrassed when speaking to the GP about your condition. Urinary incontinence is a common problem and it's likely the GP has seen many people with the same problem. If you experienced urinary incontinence, see a GP so they can diagnose the type of urinary incontinence you have. The GP may suggest that you keep a diary of your bladder habits for at least 3 days so you can give them as much information as possible about your condition.

Tests and examinations

You may also need to have some tests and examinations so the GP can confirm or rule out things that may be causing incontinence.

Physical examination

A GP may examine you to assess the health of your urinary system. If you have a vagina, the GP will do a pelvic examination, which usually involves undressing from the waist down. You may be asked to cough to see if any urine leaks. The GP may also examine your vagina. In many cases of stress incontinence, part of the bladder may bulge into the vagina, which is called a cystocele. The GP may place their finger inside your vagina and ask you to squeeze your pelvic floor muscles. These are the muscles that surround your bladder and urethra (the tube that urine passes through to leave your body). Damage to your pelvic floor muscles can lead to urinary incontinence. If you have a penis, the GP may check the health of your prostate gland, which is located between the penis and bladder and surrounds the urethra. You may need a digital rectal examination. This will involve the GP inserting their finger into your bottom so they can feel your prostate gland. If you have an enlarged prostate gland, it can cause symptoms of urinary incontinence, such as a frequent need to urinate.

Dipstick test

If the GP thinks your symptoms may be caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI), a sample of your urine may be tested for bacteria. A small chemically treated stick is dipped into your urine sample. It will change colour if bacteria are present. The dipstick test can also check for blood and protein in your urine.

Residual urine test

If the GP thinks you have overflow incontinence, they may suggest a test called a residual urine test to see how much urine is left in your bladder after you pee. This usually involves an ultrasound scan of your bladder, although occasionally the amount of urine left in your bladder may be measured after your bladder is drained using a catheter. A catheter is a thin, flexible tube that's inserted into your urethra and passed through to your bladder.

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What are the first signs of incontinence?

problems with passing urine, such as a slow stream of urine, straining to pass urine, or stopping and starting as you pass urine. problems after you've passed urine, such as feeling that you've not completely emptied your bladder or passing a few drops of urine after you think you've finished.

nhs.uk - Urinary incontinence - Symptoms - NHS

It's a good idea to see a GP if you have urinary incontinence. It's a common problem and seeing a GP can be the first step towards finding a way to effectively manage it. When and how this happens varies depending on the type of urinary incontinence you have.

Common types of urinary incontinence

Most people with urinary incontinence have either stress incontinence or urge incontinence.

Stress incontinence

Stress incontinence is when you leak urine when your bladder is put under sudden extra pressure – for example, when you cough. It's not related to feeling stressed.

Other activities that may cause urine to leak include:

sneezing

laughing

heavy lifting

exercise

The amount of urine passed is usually small, but stress incontinence can sometimes cause you to pass larger amounts, particularly if your bladder is very full.

Urge incontinence

Urge incontinence, or urgency incontinence, is when you feel a sudden and very intense need to pass urine and you're unable to delay going to the toilet. There are often only a few seconds between the need to urinate and the release of urine. Your need to pass urine may be triggered by a sudden change of position, or even by the sound of running water. You may also pass urine during sex, particularly when you reach orgasm. This type of incontinence often occurs as part of a group of symptoms called overactive bladder syndrome, which is when the bladder muscle is more active than usual. As well as sometimes causing urge incontinence, overactive bladder syndrome can mean you need to pass urine very frequently, including several times during the night.

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