How do doctors know if prostate cancer has spread?

CT scan. A CT (computerised tomography) scan can show whether the cancer has spread outside the prostate, for example to the lymph nodes or nearby bones. Lymph nodes are part of your immune system and are found throughout your body. The lymph nodes near the prostate are a common place for prostate cancer to spread to.

prostatecanceruk.org - Scans to see if your cancer has spread

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PET Scan

At some hospitals, you may be offered a PET (positron emission tomography) scan. This is more commonly used to see if prostate cancer has come back after treatment, rather than when you are first diagnosed. A PET scan is often combined with a CT scan (PET-CT) to give even more detail about any prostate cancer inside the body. The scan can detect very small areas of cancer. Your hospital might ask you not to eat or drink for a few hours before the scan. You should avoid vigorous activity for 24 hours before your appointment. Try to wear loose and comfortable clothing for the scan. You’ll need to take off any jewellery or metal items, as these can affect the images. Before the scan, a small amount of radioactive dye is injected into your arm or hand. There are two main types of dye that can be used – choline and PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen). You’ll need to sit for an hour – and avoid moving and speaking – while the dye travels around your body and is absorbed. This is because any movement can affect where the dye goes in your body. You will then lie on a table that will move into the scanner, which is shaped like a large doughnut. The radiographer will leave the room but they can see you and speak to you. The scan usually takes up to 30 minutes. It won’t be painful but you may feel uncomfortable, as you need to lie still as the scanner takes pictures of your body. The scanner works by detecting the radiation given off by the dye, which collects in areas that may be cancer. You should be able to go home soon after the scan. You will be asked to avoid contact with children and pregnant women for a few hours after the scan, as you will be giving off a small amount of radiation during this time. Drinking plenty of fluid after the scan can help flush the radiation from your body.

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Do all men end up with prostate cancer?

All men are at risk for prostate cancer. Out of every 100 American men, about 13 will get prostate cancer during their lifetime, and about 2 to 3 men will die from prostate cancer. The most common risk factor is age. The older a man is, the greater the chance of getting prostate cancer.

cdc.gov - Who Is at Risk for Prostate Cancer? - CDC

All men are at risk for prostate cancer, but African-American men are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men. All men are at risk for prostate cancer. Out of every 100 American men, about 13 will get prostate cancer during their lifetime, and about 2 to 3 men will die from prostate cancer. The most common risk factor is age. The older a man is, the greater the chance of getting prostate cancer. Some men are at increased risk for prostate cancer. You are at increased risk for getting or dying from prostate cancer if you are African-American or have a family history of prostate cancer.

African American Men

Are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men.

Are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than other men. Get prostate cancer at a younger age, tend to have more advanced disease when it is found, and tend to have a more severe type of prostate cancer than other men.

Family History (Genetic Risk Factors)

For some men, genetic factors may put them at higher risk of prostate cancer. You may have an increased risk of getting a type of prostate cancer caused by genetic changes that are inherited if— You have more than one first-degree relative (father, son, or brother) who had prostate cancer, including relatives in three generations on your mother’s or father’s side of the family. You were diagnosed with prostate cancer when you were 55 years old or younger. You were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and other members of your family have been diagnosed with breast, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer. Talk to your doctor about your family’s health history. For more information, visit the National Cancer Institute’s Genetics of Prostate Cancer (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version.

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