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Does slow heart rate mean clogged arteries?

Summary: Bradycardia -- a slower than normal heartbeat -- does not increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, according to a study.

sciencedaily.com - Slow heart rate does not increase risk of heart disease - ScienceDaily

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Bradycardia -- a slower than normal heartbeat -- does not increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, according to a study conducted by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. The study is published in the Jan.19 online edition of the Journal of American Medical Association Internal Medicine. "For a large majority of people with a heart rate in the 40s or 50s who have no symptoms, the prognosis is very good," said Ajay Dharod, M.D., instructor in internal medicine at Wake Forest Baptist and corresponding author of the study. "Our results should be reassuring for those diagnosed with asymptomatic bradycardia." The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 times a minute in an adult at rest. But with bradycardia, the heart beats fewer than 50 times a minute. The condition can cause light-headedness, shortness of breath, fainting or chest pain due to the heart not pumping enough oxygen-rich blood through the body. However, until now, there had not been any research to determine if a slow heart rate contributed to the development of cardiovascular disease. In the Wake Forest Baptist study, the scientists conducted an analysis of 6,733 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). This study, which was sponsored by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, included men and women ages 45 to 84 who did not have cardiovascular disease when first recruited into this study, but who may have been on heart rate-modifying medications frequently used to treat hypertension. Study participants were followed for more than 10 years to monitor cardiovascular events and mortality. The researchers found that a heart rate (HR) of less than 50 was not associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in participants regardless of whether they were taking HR-modifying drugs, such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. However, the study did show a potential association between bradycardia and higher mortality rates in individuals taking HR-modifying drugs. "Bradycardia may be problematic in people who are taking medications that also slow their heart rate," Dharod said. "Further research is needed to determine whether this association is causally linked to heart rate or to the use of these drugs."

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What does a blocked artery in the heart feel like?

The symptoms of an artery blockage include chest pain and tightness, and shortness of breath.

utswmed.org - Warning signs when an artery is blocked, and how to fix it | Heart

Imagine driving through a tunnel.

On Monday, you encounter a pile of rubble. There is a narrow gap, big enough to drive through. On Tuesday, you're driving through the tunnel and find a giant boulder blocking the entire tunnel. No gaps whatsoever. Now translate those examples to your health. The tunnels are the arteries that carry blood to your heart. The rubble and boulders are blockages that can lead to problems – shown through symptoms. Blocked tunnels aren’t good for traffic flow, and blocked arteries aren’t good for your heart. In cardiology, the boulder is called a Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO). It means the artery is completely blocked. This occurs in 15% to 20% of patients who have heart disease. Sometimes there has been a complete blockage for many months or even years. However, only about 3% to 5% of these patients undergo a stent or bypass procedure, so there's a real need to help these untreated patients. Failure to diagnose and treat a CTO can lead to symptoms and impact your quality of life.

Impacts of a complete blockage

Artery blockages are not created equal. Treatment of an artery that is 97% blocked is much easier than treating one that has been 100% blocked for a long time. The symptoms – chest pain, tightness and shortness of breath – can be similar, though. Sometimes, when arteries become completely blocked, a new blood supply develops around the blockage. This new blood supply, called collaterals, won't deliver as much blood to your heart. This can lead to those same symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath. If you have these symptoms, a stress test can help determine if they are caused by a blockage in an artery or something else. The first step is to see a doctor.

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