Prostate Restored
Prostate Restored
Photo: Windo Nugroho
If correct, metastases grow much faster than primary tumours. However, growth rates and proliferation indices of paired metastases and primary tumours are similar, with metastases growing up to twice as fast as primary tumours1.
Some adults wear diapers because of incontinence or other medical difficulties, while others prefer the feel of adult diapers but do not require...
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The prostate can regenerate when androgen is restored. A team of researchers led by Dr. Charles Sawyers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center...
Read More »I am grateful for the letter of S. Koscielny and M. Tubiana because it allows me to clarify a few points. In the Opinion article (Parallel progression of primary tumours and metastases. Nature Rev. Cancer 9, 302–312 (2009))1 I opposed two models of cancer progression: parallel progression, suggesting early dissemination of tumour cells from the primary tumour and ectopic selective adaptation (which is associated with the emergence of genomes fully able to form metastases); and linear progression, which places major evolutionary events in the primary tumour and late dissemination of fully malignant cells that subsequently grow to manifest metastases. For reasons not explained in their letter the authors declare parallel progression inconsistent with clinical data. This conclusion is derived from their mathematical model of cancer progression. They assume disseminating cancer cells to be autonomously growing and suggest that the primary tumour at metastasis initiation is only slightly smaller than at the time of tumour diagnosis2,3. If correct, metastases grow much faster than primary tumours. However, growth rates and proliferation indices of paired metastases and primary tumours are similar, with metastases growing up to twice as fast as primary tumours1. The marginal increase of growth rate has prompted most authors who modelled cancer progression on clinical data to conclude that dissemination of tumour cells occurs long before the diagnosis of the primary tumour and that metastatic colonies and the primary tumour grow in parallel over prolonged periods4,5,6. More important are ex vivo analyses of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs). Mathematical models of cancer progression are imprecise for the difference between dissemination of tumour cells and the initiation of metastatic growth. Clinical data sets do not report when tumour cells disseminate, but they document the diagnosis of metastasis. Therefore, one can only assess the link between tumour size and the probability of metastasis; the latency period and the nature of this link need to be explored. Genomic analyses of DTCs provided evidence that ectopically residing tumour cells have strikingly different genotypes to the predominant clone of the primary tumour at the time of surgery and DTC sampling7,8,9,10. If metastasis founder cells (MFCs) accumulated genomic changes in the primary site and disseminated shortly before surgery, as suggested by Koscielny and Tubiana, it is unclear why this difference would be observed. By contrast, high-resolution molecular analysis showed that some DTCs resemble an early stage of genomic progression shown by the primary tumour, and longitudinal studies revealed ongoing genomic evolution of DTCs — presumably outside the primary tumour — until the manifestation of metastasis11. Finally, dissemination of tumour cells from the earliest stages of the primary tumour is now documented in breast and other cancers with a minor increase of dissemination in larger tumours12,13. Evidently, the link between tumour size and clinically manifest metastasis is not dissemination but colonization.
There are several methods of radical prostatectomy: Radical prostatectomy with retropubic (suprapubic) approach. This is the most common surgical...
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Some research suggests that increasing body mass index (BMI) is linked with decreasing sperm count and sperm movement. Eat a healthy diet. Choose...
Read More »Brain Cancer Facts Some brain tumors do not cause headaches at all, since the brain itself isn't capable of sensing pain. Only when a tumor is large enough to press on nerves or vessels do they cause headache.
A bad headache can be scary. It’s hard not to think the worst if you’re unlucky enough to suffer with severe headaches. If the pain lasts or recurs, you may wonder if you have a serious problem such as a brain tumor. Here’s the reassuring truth: Headache, by itself, is rarely caused by a tumor. According to a neurosurgeon at Johns Hopkins’ Comprehensive Brain Tumor Center, the chance that your headache is a sign of a brain tumor is very remote. Headaches are a common occurrence among the general population, but the vast majority of them have nothing to do with cancer. However, experts recommend that if you experience a new headache, or the pattern changes or becomes more frequent, that is a good reason to visit your primary care doctor to rule out any serious problems.
Here are 10 science-backed ways to boost sperm count and increase fertility in men. Take D-aspartic acid supplements. ... Exercise regularly. ......
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Certain superfoods can help reduce premature greying of hair. ... Here are 8 superfoods that can help slowdown premature greying. Green leafy...
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They could interact with sedatives, blood thinners, thyroid supplements, drugs that suppress the immune system, and drugs for anxiety, high blood...
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Fluxactive Complete is conveniently packed with over 14 essential prostate powerhouse herbs, vitamins and grade A nutrients which work synergistically to help you support a healthy prostate faster
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A real man treats a woman as an equal and a partner, rather than as an object. A real man is allowed to feel, to emote, to love, to cry and to have...
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