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The European Society of Cardiology²¹ recommends that people lay down and take naps during midday to help lower their pressure levels. Additionally, the American College of Cardiology claims that the average systolic blood pressure drops by about 3 mm Hg²² for each hour one lays down for a nap.
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Read More »Have you considered clinical trials for High blood pressure? We make it easy for you to participate in a clinical trial for High blood pressure, and get access to the latest treatments not yet widely available - and be a part of finding a cure. Check your eligibility Normal versus high blood pressure Blood pressure³ refers to the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as your heart pumps blood. Blood pressure measurements are taken in two numbers, measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The top/first number is the systolic blood pressure, and it indicates how much pressure is being exerted on the artery walls when your heart pumps blood. It is the highest of the two numbers, and an increase above normal is a cause for alarm. The bottom/second number is the diastolic blood pressure, and it is the measurement of the pressure being exerted by your blood on the artery walls when your heart is resting between beats. 120/80 mm Hg is considered the normal blood pressure reading for an adult. An increase in either the systolic or diastolic blood pressure can indicate hypertension. There are different blood pressure categories depending on how high either of the measurements is. They include: Elevated blood pressure Elevated blood pressure occurs when your systolic blood pressure ranges from 120-129 mm Hg, with the diastolic blood pressure less than 80mm Hg. Individuals with elevated blood pressure are on the road to high blood pressure unless they take immediate action to control and reduce their blood pressure. Stage 1 hypertension Stage 1 hypertension is also known as prehypertension, and it occurs when the systolic blood pressure is about 130-139 mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure around 80-89 mm Hg. If you have stage 1 hypertension, the doctor is likely to recommend lifestyle changes to help control hypertension before it advances. Stage 2 hypertension This type of hypertension occurs when your blood pressure consistently ranges at 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Your doctor is likely to recommend blood pressure medication in addition to lifestyle changes to help lower this type of blood pressure. It is also essential to keep checking the pressure regularly as further increases could lead to organ damage or heart failure. Hypertensive crisis This is the highest stage of hypertension, and it refers to a blood pressure reading of 180/120 mm Hg⁴ or above. This condition requires immediate medical attention. If your blood pressure escalates to 180/120 mm Hg, and you begin experiencing symptoms like shortness of breath, numbness, headache, chest pains, change in vision, and weakness, you should call 911 immediately as this could be a sign of organ damage. Causes of hypertension There is no primary cause of hypertension, but certain health conditions and lifestyle choices are known to increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Normally, hypertension develops on its own over a long time and does not often exhibit symptoms. As you grow older, your blood vessels naturally lose their elasticity, and their ability to accommodate the rush of blood decreases, which might lead to high blood pressure. Some medical conditions that can lead to high blood pressure include: Elevated blood pressure As mentioned earlier, elevated blood pressure is when your blood pressure is higher than normal. When elevated blood pressure is left uncontrolled, it puts you at risk of gradually developing chronic, long-lasting hypertension in the future. Diabetes 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes⁵ and 50% to 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes have hypertension. This is because diabetes damages the small blood vessels, causing arteriosclerosis, which forces the blood to be pumped with greater force, thereby increasing blood pressure. How Diabetes Can Lead To Hypertension Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which your body produces excess thyroid hormone⁶. This hormone decreases the resistance of blood vessels to pressure exerted by the blood, thus increasing the heartbeat. This condition can potentially lead to hypertension. The lifestyle choices that can contribute to the development of hypertension include: Unhealthy diet Sodium is essential⁷ for the body to function normally, but excess consumption can be detrimental to your health and can lead to hypertension⁸. Sodium is present in the salt we use in food, processed food, and restaurant foods. Your body only requires small amounts of sodium to function, and excess levels cause fluid retention that results in the heart increasing the pressure at which it pumps blood. What’s more, this can also put you at risk of stroke and heart disease. Inadequate consumption of potassium⁹ can also increase your blood pressure. Your body needs potassium for the heartbeat to stay regular, and insufficient potassium levels cause the blood pressure to increase. What You Need To Know About Sodium And High Blood Pressure Lack of exercise Less fit and less active people have a 30-50% greater risk¹⁰ of developing high blood pressure. Being active makes your heart and muscles strong and helps the heart pump blood as required. Exercise also helps manage stress and promotes weight loss¹¹, positively impacting your blood pressure. Excessive consumption of alcohol Long term excessive use of alcohol¹² can increase chances of developing hypertension. This is because alcohol increases the hormone renin in the body, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, causing the heart to pump blood at a higher pressure. Adults of legal drinking age should either choose not to drink or limit their intake to one drink or less in a day for women and two drinks or less in a day for men¹³. Smoking The tobacco and nicotine contained in cigarettes make the blood vessels narrower¹⁴, which necessitates increased pressure in the pumping of blood… causing high blood pressure. An individual with hypertension should avoid smoking as it can exacerbate the condition. Stress Stress is known to increase blood pressure temporarily. Unmanaged stress levels can lead to stress-related habits like overconsumption of alcohol and smoking, further increasing blood pressure. Risk factors for hypertension Unlike lifestyle decisions that are correctable, some other unavoidable factors place one at risk of developing hypertension. These include: Obesity Being obese or overweight predisposes you to hypertension. This is because the heart is forced to pump blood and oxygen harder, thus increasing blood pressure. Additionally, obesity can also cause other serious life-threatening issues like type 2 diabetes and coronary diseases¹⁵, which contribute greatly to the development of hypertension. Genetics and family history Hypertension tends to run in the family, and individuals with a family member (especially a parent) with hypertension are at a high risk of developing the same condition¹⁶. Also, members of the same family are often exposed to the same environment and might share other factors like an unhealthy lifestyle, thus increasing their general risk of hypertension. Age Hypertension tends to be higher among older people¹⁷ (65 years and above) than younger ones. This means that the older you grow, the higher the risk of getting high blood pressure. Race Research shows that non-Hispanic black adults are at a higher risk of developing hypertension than any other race. This could be because black adults in the US tend to be more sensitive to salt, thus increasing their risk of high blood pressure. Medication Some medications¹⁸, especially those that increase blood pressure, can put you at risk of hypertension. They include antidepressants, hormonal birth control pills, decongestants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin.
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Read More »Complications of Hypertension When high blood pressure levels are left unmanaged, they can cause several complications, some of which are fatal. They include the following: Heart failure When your heart continuously pumps blood against the high pressure in the blood vessels, its muscles begin to thicken, a condition known as left ventricular hypertrophy¹⁹. The thickened muscles might have even a harder time pumping blood and oxygen to the body, eventually leading to heart failure. Heart attack High blood pressure can cause atherosclerosis – thickening and hardening of the arteries - preventing blood flow to the heart muscle and leading to a heart attack. Stroke High blood pressure can cause blood vessels in the brain to clog and burst, leading to stroke. Kidney failure If you develop high blood pressure, the blood vessels around the kidney can be damaged, interfering with the ability of the kidney to filter blood and thus causing kidney disease or kidney failure. Sexual Dysfunction The damage of blood vessels from high blood pressure can lead to a reduced flow of blood throughout the body. A low blood supply in the pelvis can lead to erectile dysfunction in men and low libido in women. Aneurysm An increase in blood pressure can cause blood vessels to weaken and bulge, resulting in an aneurysm. If an aneurysm ruptures, it can be life-threatening. Loss of vision Hypertension can cause the blood vessels in the eye to narrow or thicken, which can hinder blood flow to the retina, thereby resulting in blurred vision or a complete loss of sight in the long term. Dementia When the blood vessels in the brain are thickened or narrowed, the blood supply in the brain can decrease. This can affect thinking, memory, and learning and, in extreme cases, can lead to vascular dementia. Does your blood pressure change when lying down? The positioning of your body alters your blood pressure readings. When standing, blood pressure is higher since the heart is above the legs and organs situated in the abdominopelvic cavity. The heart, therefore, has to pump blood more forcefully to get the blood in these regions to return to the heart, as it works against gravity. When lying down, however, the heart uses less force to pump blood as it is on the same level as the rest of the body. What sleeping style should you take if you have high blood pressure? There is a lot of debate about the best sleeping position for high blood pressure patients, and two positions are found to work best. The first is sleeping on your left side. It is argued that sleeping on the left side²⁰ of your body relieves pressure on the blood vessels on the right side that carry blood to the heart, thus reducing blood pressure. The second method is sleeping face down. According to research, sleeping face down can help lower blood pressure by at least 15 points. Does evidence support lying down to reduce blood pressure? The European Society of Cardiology²¹ recommends that people lay down and take naps during midday to help lower their pressure levels. Additionally, the American College of Cardiology claims that the average systolic blood pressure drops by about 3 mm Hg²² for each hour one lays down for a nap. Does my blood pressure change when I move from one place to another? Your blood pressure can indeed change when you move from one position to another²³. For example, this often happens when you move from a lying to a standing position. This change in position causes your blood to pool in the lower region of the body, causing a temporary drop in blood pressure, but the body does have a way of adjusting to these changes. Still, sometimes it may take some time to adjust for certain reasons such as dehydration, low blood sugar, medication such as antidepressants, low heartbeat, and slow heartbeat, which may cause you to feel light-headed and faint for a while. Which is the best position to measure my blood pressure? The best time to measure your blood pressure is while seated upright. For accurate readings, you will have to be seated straight with your back supported by the chair. You should make sure your feet are flat on the floor and that your arm is at level with your heart, supported on a table or armrest. The best way to lower high blood pressure Here are several actions you can take that can help lower your blood pressure: Exercise more By doing frequent exercises, your heart will get stronger and will be able to pump blood with less effort. The pressure on your arteries will also reduce, lowering your blood pressure. High intensity interval training (HIIT)²⁴ and aerobic and resistance exercises²⁵ have been found to help reduce blood pressure levels. If exercising is too difficult for you, you can try out softer activities in the following forms: Walking up the stairs
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