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Does avocado have beta-sitosterol?

A typical California avocado weighing 173 grams would contain 132mg beta-sitosterol. This level is significant as a phytochemical, and is in the same range as that found in phytosterol dietary supplements.

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To the Editors:

(1) Identification of the 20 most frequently consumed raw fruit, vegetables, and fish in the United States, 21CFR101.44 (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21: Food and Drugs. Part 101: Food Labeling.) As dietitians strive to learn more about dietary supplements and fabricated foods, it is important to stay abreast of new knowledge about whole foods. Recently, analysis of avocados has provided new information showing that this fruit is a significant source of dietary phytosterols. Avocados rank as the 14th most commonly consumed raw fruit in the United States ().

(2) Weihrauch J.L

Gardner J.M Sterol content of foods of plant origin. (3) Moghadasian M.H

Frohlich J.J Effects of Dietary Phytosterols on Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinical and Experimental Evidence. (3) Moghadasian M.H Frohlich J.J Effects of Dietary Phytosterols on Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis Clinical and Experimental Evidence. (4) Ikeda I Sugano M Some aspects of mechanism of inhibition of cholesterol absorption by beta-sitosterol. Phytosterols are the plant analogues of cholesterol. There are three predominant phytosterols: beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol (), all of which function as anticholesterolemic agents (). The mechanism for the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterols involves inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption and decreased hepatic cholesterol synthesis (). (5) Hass avocados are the pebbly dark-skinned variety that is grown in California and accounts for over 75% of the nation’s domestic crop (). For analysis, 36 just-ripe Hass avocados (those that yielded slightly to gentle pressure) were purchased from three San Diego supermarkets (12 avocados from each supermarket) on January 25, 1999, and again on May 5, 1999, to control for seasonal variation. The avocados were sent via overnight delivery to Covance Laboratories in Madison, Wisconsin, where each set of 12 avocados was hand-peeled, the stones were removed, and the fruit was combined to form one sample and then analyzed for sterol content. mg per 100 grams of raw edible avocado fruit ( mg per 100 grams. Stigmasterol was below the lower limit of detection (<3 mg/100 g). Table 1 Sterol composition of six samples of California Hass avocados. beta-sitosterol campesterol stigmasterol Sample (date) mg/100 g mg/100 g mg/100 g 1 (01/25/99) 64.4 4.5 <3.0 2 (01/25/99) 61.5 5.3 <3.0 3 01/25/99) 72.6 5.0 <3.0 4 (05/05/99) 98.4 5.8 <3.0 5 (05/05/99) 76.7 4.7 <3.0 6 (05/05/99) 84.8 5.4 <3.0 Mean 76.4 5.1 <3.0 Standard Deviation 12.5 0.4 0 Among the phytosterols examined, the data clearly show that beta-sitosterol is most abundant, being present at 76.4mg per 100 grams of raw edible avocado fruit ( Table 1 ). The next most abundant phytosterol is campesterol, which was present at 5.1mg per 100 grams. Stigmasterol was below the lower limit of detection (<3mg/100g). (1) Identification of the 20 most frequently consumed raw fruit, vegetables, and fish in the United States, 21CFR101.44 (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21: Food and Drugs. Part 101: Food Labeling.) (2) Weihrauch J.L

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Gardner J.M Sterol content of foods of plant origin. Table 2 Beta-sitosterol composition of the 20 most frequently consumed fruits in the United States. beta-sitosterol Fruit a Raw Edible Portion Weight mg/100 g b Beta-sitosterol values for all fruits except avocado were previously reported (3). Banana 11 Apple 11 Watermelon 1 Orange 17 Cantaloupe 8 Grapes 3 Grapefruit 13 Strawberries 10 Peach 6 Pear 7 Nectarine NA Honeydew NA Plum 6 Avocado 76 Lemon 8 Pineapple 4 Tangerine NA Sweet cherries 12 Kiwi fruit NA Lime NA NA=Data Not Available The beta-sitosterol content of the 20 most frequently consumed fruits in the United States is shown in Table 2 ). Avocados clearly provide more beta-sitosterol than any of the other fruits with known values. On an ounce-per-ounce basis, avocados contain more than four times the beta-sitosterol of oranges, which had previously been reported as the richest known fruit source of beta-sitosterol (). (6) Position of The American Dietetic Association: Functional foods mg beta-sitosterol. This level is significant as a phytochemical, and is in the same range as that found in phytosterol dietary supplements. Avocados meet the definition of a functional food as outlined by the ADA Position Statement in that they provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition (). A typical California avocado weighing 173 grams would contain 132mg beta-sitosterol. This level is significant as a phytochemical, and is in the same range as that found in phytosterol dietary supplements. Dietitians can use the findings of this study to encourage the public to eat avocados as part of a phytochemical-rich diet.

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