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Can anxiety cause high diastolic blood pressure?

Can anxiety cause high diastolic blood pressure? A lack of research suggests that anxiety triggers increases in diastolic blood pressure alone. However, anxiety may elevate diastolic blood pressure in some people.

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High diastolic blood pressure is a type of hypertension. Doctors do not know exactly why it happens, but obesity, high triglyceride levels, smoking, and alcohol may all contribute. Medication and lifestyle choices can often help manage it. Doctors describe blood pressure using two numbers: systolic and diastolic. They present a reading with the systolic number appearing above the diastolic. Systolic measures the pressure during the heart’s contraction, while diastolic is the pressure in the period between heartbeats. The American Heart Association (AHA) states that people put a lot of emphasis on the systolic number. However, each increase of 10 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) in diastolic pressure among 40–89 doubles the risk of heart disease or stroke. Doctors define isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) — high diastolic blood pressure — as above 80 mm Hg in individuals with normal systolic blood pressure. This article discusses the common causes of high diastolic blood pressure and the risks associated with it, how to prevent high blood pressure, and the treatment options. Risk factors There are certain risk factors for high diastolic blood pressure that a person cannot control. They include: Age: Diastolic hypertension is common in people under 50 years of age. IDH is rare in senior adults. Diastolic hypertension is common in people under 50 years of age. IDH is rare in senior adults. Family history: Having family members with hypertension increases an individual’s risk of IDH. Having family members with hypertension increases an individual’s risk of IDH. Cardiovascular events: If an individual has experienced an incident that damaged the heart muscle, this increases their risk of IDH. If an individual has experienced an incident that damaged the heart muscle, this increases their risk of IDH. Diabetes: People with diabetes and raised blood sugar levels may be more likely to develop IDH. People with diabetes and raised blood sugar levels may be to develop IDH. Hypothyroidism: Around 30% of individuals with low thyroid hormone levels have IDH. Around of individuals with low thyroid hormone levels have IDH. Kidney disease: Individuals with chronic kidney disease may also have IDH. Individuals with chronic kidney disease have IDH. Biological sex: In a large 2019 study of almost 2.5 million participants, researchers found that the prevalence of IDH was significantly higher for males at 4.5% of the overall population compared to females at 2.2%. High diastolic blood pressure symptoms Often, elevated diastolic blood pressure does not cause notable symptoms. A large 2019 study found that many people were unaware they had IDH. Out of 2,351,035 participants, 3.2% had IDH. Over 86% were untreated, and only 10.3% of these individuals were aware they had elevated blood pressure. The AHA notes that the common belief that high blood pressure will cause sweating, facial flushing, or a feeling of nervousness is a myth. However, a person should seek emergency medical attention if they experience the following symptoms. These could indicate a serious complication of IDH, such as a heart attack or stroke: chest pain

breathing difficulties

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lightheadedness

sudden onset of weakness

speech changes

loss of consciousness

Treatment Reducing diastolic blood pressure may cause heart problems, particularly in young individuals with normal systolic blood pressure. Therefore in this group, doctors may opt not to treat IDH. IDH is uncommon in senior individuals, but doctors may choose a nonsurgical approach if present. The best approach is for doctors to treat older individuals depending on their specific underlying cardiovascular disease. Medication options for IDH include: calcium channel blockers

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

angiotensin receptor blockers

diuretics Doctors may also recommend that individuals make lifestyle changes to reduce their IDH, including: reducing alcohol consumption

maintaining a moderate weight

exercising daily or most days

eating a balanced diet

avoiding tobacco

monitoring blood pressure levels at home

Prevention Some people may be able to prevent high diastolic blood pressure from occurring by avoiding smoking, alcohol, reducing blood fats, and maintaining a moderate weight. In other cases, some uncontrollable factors — such as biological sex, family history, and living with diabetes — may mean someone cannot prevent high diastolic blood pressure. Can anxiety cause high diastolic blood pressure? A lack of research suggests that anxiety triggers increases in diastolic blood pressure alone. However, anxiety may elevate diastolic blood pressure in some people. The authors of a 2016 study state that more research is necessary to understand exactly how anxiety raises blood pressure and why it only happens in some people, especially in young adults. One suggestion is that mental stress may activate a particular part of the nervous system that triggers a cascade of hormones, interfering with regulating blood pressure. When to consult a doctor If a person monitors their blood pressure at home and does not see lower readings despite implementing lifestyle changes, they should contact a medical professional. Doctors can help to determine the underlying cause of their high blood pressure. A person should seek immediate medical attention if they have two readings of 180/120 mm Hg or higher within 5 minutes, especially if they are experiencing a headache or nosebleed. Outlook Doctors do not associate increased diastolic blood pressure with cardiovascular events in younger individuals. However, increases in diastolic pressure in those aged 40–89 raise the risk of heart disease and stroke. Therefore, individuals should work with a doctor to find suitable treatment options and improve their outlook.

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