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Can a fistula cause smelly urine?

Genitourinary vaginal fistulas that form between your vagina and urinary system organs may cause: Constant urine leakage or urinary incontinence. Chronic urine odor.

my.clevelandclinic.org - Vaginal Fistula: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment - Cleveland Clinic
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Overview

What is a vaginal fistula?

A vaginal fistula is a tunnel-like opening that develops in the wall of the vagina. Your vagina is the muscular tube between your vulva (outer female genitals) and your cervix, the mouth of your uterus. A vaginal fistula opens between your vagina and an organ in the urinary system or digestive system. Damage to tissue in your vaginal wall causes a hole to form where it doesn’t belong.

What are genitourinary vaginal fistulas?

Genitourinary vaginal fistulas form between your vagina or uterus (parts of the female reproductive system) and organs in your urinary system. The word genitourinary refers to your genitals and urinary system. The most common type is a vesicovaginal fistula, where an opening develops between your vagina and bladder (the organ that holds urine).

Genitourinary vaginal fistulas also include:

Ureterovaginal fistulas between your vagina and ureters, the tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder. between your vagina and ureters, the tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder. Urethrovaginal fistulas between your vagina and urethra, the tube that carries urine from your bladder out of your body.

What are other types of vaginal fistulas?

Fistulas can also form between your vagina and digestive system organs. These include: Rectovaginal fistulas between your vagina and rectum, the tube that sends poop (stool) through your anus and out of your body. between your vagina and rectum, the tube that sends poop (stool) through your anus and out of your body. Colovaginal fistulas between your vagina and large intestine (colon). between your vagina and large intestine (colon). Enterovaginal fistulas between your vagina and small intestine.

How common are vaginal fistulas?

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide develop vaginal fistulas every year. The problem is more common among women who live in countries with limited medical resources. These women may spend days in childbirth. Pressure from the baby pushing against the vaginal wall can cut off the blood supply to vaginal tissue, leading to a fistula. As many as 2 million women in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa live with untreated vaginal fistulas.

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What level of PSA indicates cancer?

There is no specific normal or abnormal level of PSA in the blood. In the past, PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL and lower were considered normal. However, some individuals with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/mL have prostate cancer and many with higher PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL do not have prostate cancer (1).

cancer.gov - Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test - NCI

Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are usually reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. The blood level of PSA is often elevated in people with prostate cancer, and the PSA test was originally approved by the FDA in 1986 to monitor the progression of prostate cancer in men who had already been diagnosed with the disease. In 1994, FDA approved the PSA test to be used in conjunction with a digital rectal exam (DRE) to aid in the detection of prostate cancer in men 50 years and older. Until about 2008, many doctors and professional organizations had encouraged yearly PSA screening for prostate cancer beginning at age 50. PSA testing (along with a DRE) is also often used by health care providers for individuals who report prostate symptoms to help determine the nature of the problem. In addition to prostate cancer, several benign (not cancerous) conditions can cause a person’s PSA level to rise, particularly prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (enlargement of the prostate). There is no evidence that either condition leads to prostate cancer, but someone can have one or both of these conditions and develop prostate cancer as well.

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