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At what age does strength decline?

After you turn 40 or so, your muscle strength and function start to decline, even if you exercise regularly. A new study by University of Guelph researchers suggests why it happens and may point to ways to stem the losses.

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After you turn 40 or so, your muscle strength and function start to decline, even if you exercise regularly. A new study by University of Guelph researchers suggests why it happens and may point to ways to stem the losses. Published today in the journal Cell Reports, the study examined cellular mechanisms in aging muscles. It shows how adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a compound that helps cells store and release energy, plays an important role in mitochondria, the cell’s powerhouses. When ADP is metabolized in mitochondria, it stimulates cellular respiration and decreases the amount of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Higher ROS levels are linked to damage in components of the cell, a process called oxidative stress; however, previous studies of aging in human muscle have not included ADP. “But biologically, we always have ADP in the system. We started to think that maybe how we get ADP into the mitochondria is important for aging.” The researchers compared mitochondrial function in muscle fibres taken from healthy men in their 20s and in their early 70s. “The magnitude of change was quite striking to us. For humans, it’s remarkable to have such a big difference.” The group also looked at the effects of resistance training, including leg presses and upper body exercises, on older men. After 12 weeks, researchers saw no improvements in cellular stress related to aging. “This doesn’t mean there’s no hope for building strength in aging muscle,” Holloway said. “I actually think that endurance training would be potentially beneficial because we know with that kind of training you get increases in mitochondrial content.” Endurance training includes aerobic exercise like cycling and swimming. “We plan to look at other types of exercise, to see if it can improve the dynamic response of mitochondria to ADP,” he added. The investigators also plan to look at exercise in aging women. Early research in healthy young people indicates differences in ADP between men and women. The study was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, a public-private research partnership in the Netherlands studying food and nutrition.

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How can I fix my problems fast?

A Quick Problem-Solving Strategy Define the problem. Do some research and include all the details. ... Brainstorm possible causes. ... Analyze the data. ... Generate possible solutions. ... Agree on one solution. ... Develop an action plan.

One simple and effective technique will help you solve most of the difficulties your team runs into. Follow these steps:

1. Define the problem.

Do some research and include all the details. If a series of tasks was mishandled, include notes on each job and try to pinpoint where each error occurred.

2. Brainstorm possible causes.

List the factors that contribute to the problem, including those that seem out of your control—such as a customer who changed his mind or any last-minute mechanical problems—and those you know you can influence, including things such as poor performance and faulty methods.

3. Analyze the data.

Try to identify any trends or patterns that could point out underlying problems. Describe how the problem is affecting other departments, your customers or team members' job satisfaction. This information will help you decide if the problem is worth trying to solve. If the consequences are insignificant, it may not be worth your team's effort.

4. Generate possible solutions.

Challenge team members to come up with as many solutions as possible. To encourage creative thinking, don't let members judge either the ideas or the team members who present them.

5. Agree on one solution.

After you've generated a list of ideas, use consensus to select the most likely solution.

6. Develop an action plan.

Discuss and agree upon clearly defined action steps. Assign volunteers to those steps, and then agree on a time frame for each. Source: Team Management Briefings, as adapted from Managing Quality Through Teams, Lawrence M. Miller and Jennifer Howard, The Miller Consulting Group

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